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Array("00,42,43,140,1","000,19,11,26,1,67,2,90,2","0000,106,1,123,1,124,1,128,1,129,1,140,1,141,1","000065,87,4","002,145,8","003,146,8","003997,87,2","004,147,8","005,149,8","01,22,1","02,42,1,123,1,141,1","03,42,6","05,42,88,106,1","06,27,1","0600,23,1","07,42,2","0700,23,1","0808,23,1","10,3,1,4,1,14,2,15,5,16,1,22,4,23,1,26,1,46,1,42,12,52,1,68,4,51,2,124,1","100,16,1,26,1,68,1","101,8,1","104,22,1","106,22,1","10mg,52,1","11,22,2,42,6,68,2,141,1","116,22,1","1164,22,1","1168,22,1","12,27,1,15,1,22,6,26,2,36,1,68,1,69,1","120,23,1","1200,52,1","124,23,1","124th,23,1","1252,77,2,116,1,132,1","1252vti,126,1,136,1","126,22,1","13,15,1,22,4,42,2,68,1,106,1,141,1","1306,23,1","13251,23,1","133,23,1","1347,23,1","13827,3,1","14,3,1,22,2,42,6,67,1","15,15,1,22,2,23,1,26,2,36,1,123,1,128,1,129,1","156,22,2","15t11,42,18","16,15,2,22,2,123,1","1600,23,1","1679,22,1","16t11,42,3","17,22,2,42,2,67,1,124,1","1707,22,1","18,15,1,19,1,22,3,36,1,141,1","19,22,2,124,1","19002,23,1","19031,23,1","191,22,1","1940s,52,1","1950s,19,1","1990,22,1","1994,22,1","1995,22,2","1997,22,3","1998,22,4,52,1","1999,22,8","19t13,42,4","1st,14,1","1vti,72,1,83,1,97,1,98,1,104,1,106,2,123,2,124,2,128,2,129,2,130,1,134,1,135,1,138,1,139,1,140,2,141,2","20,3,1,27,5,13,4,22,4,23,1,26,1,36,1,42,1,46,1,67,1,98,1,140,1","2000,22,8,23,1","2005,19,1,22,1,26,1,67,1","2006,23,3","2007,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,1,27,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,22,4,23,1,26,1,34,1,36,1,42,43,46,1,38,1,52,1,57,1,58,1,68,1,51,1,53,1,59,1,63,1,64,1,67,1,69,1,70,1,106,1,123,1,124,1,128,1,129,1,140,1,141,1","206,22,1","20s,26,1","21,14,1,22,3,36,1,106,1,129,1","215,23,3","22,22,2,23,1","2298,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,1,27,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,22,1,23,1,26,1,34,1,36,1,46,1,38,1,52,1,57,1,58,1,68,1,51,1,53,1,59,1,63,1,64,1,67,1,69,1,70,1","23,22,2,42,1,128,1,129,1","230,3,1","233,23,2","2354,23,1","2379,23,1","24,22,3,42,1","25,3,1,11,1,22,2","250,23,1","253,23,2","26,15,1","27,22,1","272,23,1","27709,3,1","28,14,5,42,1,67,1,85,1","283,22,1","28t11,42,3","29,106,1","2nd,14,1,23,1","30,13,1,14,1,19,5,26,2,36,1,42,1,90,1","300,23,1","30s,19,1","30t11,42,1","31,22,1,42,1,140,1","31214,23,1","31700,23,1","31t16,42,14","32,128,1,129,1","325,23,1","332,38,1","34,140,1","35,42,9","36,22,1,42,1","361,3,1","3679,22,1","37,19,1,42,2","38,8,1,42,1","39,42,1,124,1","3918,23,1","393,22,1","40,13,1,22,1,26,2,36,1,42,1,52,3,67,1","400,52,2","402,23,2","407,22,1","40s,19,1","40years,52,1","41,13,1,22,1,42,1","42,42,3","422,38,1","4268,22,1","4272,23,1","43,42,1","432,22,1","444,22,1","45,22,2,42,2,52,1","46,22,1","462,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,1,27,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,22,1,23,1,26,1,34,1,36,1,46,1,38,1,52,1,57,1,58,1,68,1,51,1,53,1,59,1,63,1,64,1,67,1,69,1,70,1","465,22,1","48,22,2","49,42,4","493,22,1","50,3,1,13,2,22,1,26,5,42,1,52,2,64,1,97,1","500,52,1","51,52,1","514,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,1,27,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,22,1,23,1,26,1,34,1,36,1,46,1,38,1,52,1,57,1,58,1,68,1,51,1,53,1,59,1,63,1,64,1,67,1,69,1,70,1","518,22,1","54,42,8","55,13,1,42,1,52,1","5516vti,129,1","558,22,1,23,2","56,22,1,42,2,123,1","57,22,1,42,1","573,22,1","59,22,2,42,2,128,1","60,22,1,26,1,38,1,67,1","600,67,1","60606,23,1","617,22,1","62,13,1,22,1","6237,38,1","635,52,2","64,22,1","65,22,1","66,22,1","6655,23,1","6675,23,1","68131,23,1","6995,23,1","70,13,1,19,6,90,1","702,22,1","71,22,1","72,22,1","76,22,1","78,13,1","80,3,1,26,2,106,1,123,1,124,1,128,1,129,1,140,1,141,1","800,3,1,23,1,38,6,52,1","81,22,1","818,23,2","8211,2,1,16,2,23,26,36,10,67,1","8212,3,18,8,1,22,16,23,4,34,3,36,4,46,9","8217,5,1,10,19,16,12,23,17,36,20,53,1,67,1","8220,16,1,23,2,36,1,53,1","8221,16,1,23,2,36,1,53,1","8230,22,13","8250,1,2,2,2,3,2,4,2,5,2,27,2,7,2,8,2,9,2,10,2,11,2,12,2,13,2,14,2,15,2,16,2,17,2,18,2,19,2,20,2,22,2,23,2,26,2,34,2,36,2,46,2,38,2,52,2,57,2,58,2,68,2,51,2,53,2,59,2,63,2,64,2,67,2,69,2,70,2","833,23,2","8488,3,1","85,15,1","86,22,1","8615,38,1","877,23,2","8859,73,2,74,2,72,2,75,2,76,2,78,2,79,2,80,2,81,2,82,2,83,2,88,2,84,2,85,2,86,2,87,2,89,2,90,2,91,2,92,2,94,2,97,2,98,2,104,2,105,2,106,2,107,2,109,2,117,2,122,2,123,2,124,2,128,2,129,2,130,2,134,2,135,2,138,2,139,2,140,2,141,2","90,11,1,13,1,14,1,16,5,68,1,53,1,87,1","911,22,1","91604,23,1","919,3,1","98,22,1","98092,23,1","990,23,2","—,74,1","aa,22,1","aasmnet,87,2","abdomen,5,1,9,1,14,1,38,17,109,1","abdominal,2,5,27,1,7,1,8,1,9,4,11,1,15,1,18,1,23,2,26,2,34,1,68,1,51,1,67,1,73,1","abilify,22,1","abilities,22,1","ability,22,7,92,1","able,1,1,2,1,14,2,20,1,22,3,23,2,26,2,46,2,38,2","abms,38,4,109,2","abnormal,11,1,14,1,22,1,26,1,34,1,38,2,52,2,67,1,70,2","abnormalities,5,2,16,3,23,1,34,1,36,1","abnormality,34,1","abnormally,5,1,67,2","abruptly,68,1","abscess,9,2","absence,5,1,68,1","absent,13,1","absorb,19,1,23,3,51,1","absorbed,23,2","absorbing,23,1","absorption,23,10,94,1","abuse,11,1,22,9,36,3,53,3"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7,77,2,78,5,79,6,80,5,81,5,82,5,83,5,88,5,84,6,85,5,86,5,87,5,89,5,90,5,91,5,92,5,94,5,97,5,98,5,104,3,105,5,106,3,107,5,109,5,116,2,117,5,122,5,123,5,124,5,128,5,129,5,130,5,134,5,135,5,138,5,139,5,140,5,141,5","blame,22,1","blankets,46,1","bleed,38,1,70,1","bleeding,7,1,9,9,14,2,15,1,52,3,64,9,67,9,70,2,135,1","blind,22,1,36,1","blindness,14,2","blistering,23,1","blisters,3,2,14,5","blistery,3,1","bloated,27,1","bloating,27,2,9,1,11,1,23,1","block,38,3","blockage,38,5","blockages,16,1","blocked,5,1,16,1,38,3","blockers,36,1,46,2","blocking,38,1","blocks,3,1,22,1,70,1","blocressort2,77,2","blood,1,1,3,1,4,1,5,3,27,1,6,4,7,2,8,3,9,7,12,1,16,4,17,7,20,12,22,1,23,7,26,6,34,5,36,1,38,10,46,3,51,5,53,2,64,8,67,5,69,2,70,41,72,2,77,2,83,2,88,1,91,1,122,1,141,13","bloodclotting,70,4","blooded,26,1","bloodstream,7,1,8,2,20,2,23,3,26,1,34,1,38,3,70,5,141,1","blow,46,2","blowing,46,1","blown,22,2","blows,16,1","blue,11,1,68,2","blues,22,1","blurred,13,2,17,1,20,1","blurring,1,1","board,38,2","bodies,26,1,51,2,53,2","bodily,22,1,68,1","body,2,1,3,8,27,1,8,4,13,1,14,3,15,3,16,2,17,1,19,2,20,12,22,2,23,5,26,8,34,3,36,2,52,7,38,14,51,16,53,7,60,3,69,1,70,3,74,1,91,1,123,1","boehringer,22,1","bone,23,1,34,1,52,2,46,1","bones,23,1,46,1","booklet,22,1,38,1","books,53,1","born,70,1","boss,36,1,53,1","both,1,1,3,7,5,2,27,1,7,1,13,1,14,1,16,1,20,5,22,6,23,1,26,1,36,3,38,2,46,4,64,1,67,7,69,1,70,1,74,1,91,1,138,1","bother,27,1,36,1,46,2","bothered,27,1,46,4","bothering,27,1,46,1","bothers,27,1,46,1","bouillon,23,1","boulevard,23,1","bounce,38,1","bourbon,51,1","bowel,1,1,5,1,27,17,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,11,1,13,7,14,3,18,1,19,1,23,2,36,1,41,1,53,1,64,12,84,1,98,1,135,1","bowl,64,1","box,3,1,22,1,23,2","boy,20,1","boys,46,1","bph,34,1","bpistyle,73,2,72,2,74,2,75,2,76,2,78,2,79,2,80,2,81,2,82,2,83,2,88,2,84,2,85,2,86,2,87,2,89,2,90,2,91,2,92,2,94,2,97,2,98,2,104,2,105,2,106,2,107,2,109,2,117,2,122,2,123,2,124,2,128,2,129,2,130,2,134,2,135,2,138,2,139,2,140,2,141,2","br,73,4,72,4,74,4,75,4,76,4,77,4,78,4,79,4,80,4,81,4,82,4,83,4,88,4,84,4,85,4,86,4,87,4,89,4,90,4,91,4,92,4,94,4,97,4,98,4,104,4,105,4,106,4,107,4,109,4,116,4,117,4,122,4,123,4,124,4,126,4,128,4,129,4,130,4,132,4,134,4,135,4,136,4,138,4,139,4,140,4,141,4","bracelet,26,1","brain,1,1,7,1,13,1,14,1,16,7,22,10,34,1,36,3,52,1,68,1,53,1,69,1,70,1,92,1","brains,22,2","brainstem,16,1","bran,27,1,23,1","brand,27,4,70,1","brands,22,1","bread,10,1,23,2,51,1","breads,27,1,23,1","break,19,1,20,1,22,1,26,1,38,1","breaking,23,1","breaks,22,1,38,1,64,1","breast,6,1,52,2","breastfed,23,2","breasts,14,1,15,2,52,1","breath,19,1,26,1,36,2,68,2,46,9,51,1,53,1","breathe,16,6,46,3,87,1","breathing,16,19,26,2,36,2,38,1,46,13,51,1,53,1,87,8","breathless,46,1","breezy,26,1","brewing,10,1","brief,3,1,16,1,68,1,38,1","bright,64,4","brighter,22,1","bring,3,1,46,10,67,1","bringing,16,1","brings,22,1,46,2","brink,68,1","brisk,9,1","brittle,23,1","broader,67,2","bromated,23,1","bronchodilator,46,1","bronchodilators,46,2","brother,38,1","brought,22,1,36,1,53,2","brown,14,1,23,1","bruise,38,1,70,1","bruises,20,1","buckwheat,23,2","build,16,1","building,22,1","buildings,26,1","buildup,38,1","bulge,34,1,64,2","bulging,64,1","bulk,27,1","bulky,19,1","bumps,26,1","bumpy,14,1","burden,22,1","burned,3,1,22,1","burning,3,2,8,1,10,2,11,1,13,2,14,6,34,1,64,1","burt,22,1","busy,1,1","butterflies,36,1,53,1","buttocks,3,1,23,1","button,10,1,59,1,62,1,63,1","buy,27,1,23,2,26,1","bypass,38,3","cabbage,27,1","cachedhasborder,73,1,72,1,74,1,75,1,76,1,77,1,78,1,79,1,80,1,81,1,82,1,83,1,88,1,84,1,85,1,86,1,87,1,89,1,90,1,91,1,92,1,94,1,97,1,98,1,104,1,105,1,106,1,107,1,109,1,116,1,117,1,122,1,123,1,124,1,126,1,128,1,129,1,130,1,132,1,134,1,135,1,136,1,138,1,139,1,140,1,141,1","cachedhasbots,73,1,72,1,74,1,75,1,76,1,77,1,78,1,79,1,80,1,81,1,82,1,83,1,88,1,84,1,85,1,86,1,87,1,89,1,90,1,91,1,92,1,94,1,97,1,98,1,104,1,105,1,106,1,107,1,109,1,116,1,117,1,122,1,123,1,124,1,126,1,128,1,129,1,130,1,132,1,134,1,135,1,136,1,138,1,139,1,140,1,141,1","cachedhastheme,73,1,72,1,74,1,75,1,76,1,77,1,78,1,79,1,80,1,81,1,82,1,83,1,88,1,84,1,85,1,86,1,87,1,89,1,90,1,91,1,92,1,94,1,97,1,98,1,104,1,105,1,106,1,107,1,109,1,116,1,117,1,122,1,123,1,124,1,126,1,128,1,129,1,130,1,132,1,134,1,135,1,136,1,138,1,139,1,140,1,141,1","cachedlinkinfo,73,1,72,1,74,1,75,1,76,1,77,1,78,1,79,1,80,1,81,1,82,1,83,1,88,1,84,1,85,1,86,1,87,1,89,1,90,1,91,1,92,1,94,1,97,1,98,1,104,1,105,1,106,1,107,1,109,1,116,1,117,1,122,1,123,1,124,1,126,1,128,1,129,1,130,1,132,1,134,1,135,1,136,1,138,1,139,1,140,1,141,1","cachedneedsrewrite,73,1,72,1,74,1,75,1,76,1,77,1,78,1,79,1,80,1,81,1,82,1,83,1,88,1,84,1,85,1,86,1,87,1,89,1,90,1,91,1,92,1,94,1,97,1,98,1,104,1,105,1,106,1,107,1,109,1,116,1,117,1,122,1,123,1,124,1,126,1,128,1,129,1,130,1,132,1,134,1,135,1,136,1,138,1,139,1,140,1,141,1","cachedsvcrellinks,73,1,72,1,74,1,75,1,76,1,77,1,78,1,79,1,80,1,81,1,82,1,83,1,88,1,84,1,85,1,86,1,87,1,89,1,90,1,91,1,92,1,94,1,97,1,98,1,104,1,105,1,106,1,107,1,109,1,116,1,117,1,122,1,123,1,124,1,126,1,128,1,129,1,130,1,132,1,134,1,135,1,136,1,138,1,139,1,140,1,141,1","caffeinated,16,1,36,1","caffeine,27,2,36,3,68,1,51,5","calcium,23,1,52,3,46,1","call,3,1,22,2,46,1,51,1,53,1,67,1,70,1","called,3,6,4,2,27,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,16,1,17,1,20,1,22,6,23,10,26,7,34,2,36,1,68,4,38,7,46,7,53,1,64,1,69,1,70,15,94,1,141,2","callers,38,2","calming,36,1","calories,38,1","camp,17,1","canada,52,1","canadian,52,1","canal,64,1","cancer,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,1,27,2,6,7,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,22,1,23,2,26,1,34,1,36,1,42,1,41,1,52,1,57,1,58,1,68,1,38,128,46,1,51,1,53,2,59,1,63,1,64,3,67,1,73,2,69,1,70,2,72,2,74,2,75,2,76,2,77,2,78,2,79,2,80,2,81,2,82,2,83,2,88,2,84,2,85,2,86,2,87,2,89,2,90,2,91,2,92,2,94,2,97,2,98,2,105,2,107,2,109,139,116,2,117,2,122,2,123,2,124,2,128,2,129,2,130,2,134,2,135,2,138,2,139,2,140,2,141,2","cancerous,18,10,89,2","cancers,23,1,38,3","candida,6,1,10,2","candy,23,1","cannot,4,1,14,2,22,1,23,7,52,2,38,3,46,3,94,1","capable,1,1","capacity,34,1","car,36,1,68,1,53,1,70,2","carbamazepine,22,2","carbohydrates,51,1","carbon,6,1,16,2","carcinoma,38,1","cardioprotective,52,1","cardiovascular,16,1,26,1","care,1,2,3,1,4,1,5,3,36,1,11,1,22,4,23,2,26,2,38,13,46,6,51,1","careful,23,1,38,3","carefully,16,1,22,7,23,1,38,1","caregivers,26,1,46,3","caring,38,1","carmody,22,1","carolina,3,1","carpal,6,1,11,1","carpenter,22,1","carpets,26,3","carried,26,2","carry,8,1,23,1,26,3,68,1,38,2,46,7,117,1","carrying,26,1","cars,68,1","case,27,1,36,1,16,1,22,1,26,1,46,2,53,1","cases,2,1,3,2,5,1,36,1,13,1,16,1,17,1,19,1,22,3,26,3,38,3,46,1,51,1,64,2,67,1","cashews,26,1","cassava,23,1","catastrophe,68,1","catastrophes,53,1","catch,3,5,23,1,68,1,38,1,46,1,74,1","categorized,34,1","catheter,34,1,38,2","catheterization,13,1","cats,26,6,97,1","caucasians,46,1","cauliflower,52,1","cause,1,1,2,1,3,1,5,1,27,13,36,3,7,1,8,2,10,2,11,1,13,4,14,3,15,1,16,5,17,7,19,1,22,6,26,18,34,5,68,2,38,8,46,6,51,9,53,2,64,2,69,2,70,5,97,1,98,1,122,1","caused,3,12,5,2,27,3,10,2,15,1,16,2,17,2,22,2,23,1,26,2,34,5,38,3,53,1,64,1,69,1,74,1,105,1","causes,3,2,5,1,36,4,14,1,16,8,17,2,22,10,23,2,26,3,34,2,52,2,68,1,38,2,46,8,51,9,53,2,64,1,69,1,70,4,87,1,92,1,122,1","causing,36,1,9,4,10,1,13,2,23,1,26,2,34,1,68,2,46,2,64,1","cave,53,1","cavities,18,5,89,1","cavity,9,2","cbt,36,6","cdc,1,1","cdf,23,1,94,2","cdhnf,23,1,94,2","cease,13,1","ceases,22,1,52,1","celiac,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,1,27,1,36,1,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,22,1,23,127,26,3,33,1,34,1,35,1,42,1,41,1,52,1,57,1,58,1,68,1,38,1,46,1,51,1,53,1,59,1,63,1,64,1,67,1,73,2,69,1,70,1,72,2,74,2,75,2,76,2,77,2,78,2,79,2,80,2,81,2,82,2,83,2,84,2,85,2,86,2,87,2,88,2,89,2,90,2,91,2,92,2,94,68,97,2,98,2,104,2,105,2,106,2,107,2,109,2,116,2,117,2,122,2,123,2,124,2,128,2,129,2,130,2,134,2,135,2,138,2,139,2,140,2,141,2","celiaccentral,23,2,94,4","celiacs,23,1,94,2","cell,38,2,51,1","cells,20,20,22,1,23,1,26,3,34,3,38,34,46,1,51,1,91,2","center,3,5,16,2,22,1,23,3","centers,3,1,16,1,22,1,23,1,38,2","centorrino,22,1","central,16,5","cereal,23,1","cerebellum,13,1","cerebrum,13,1","cerevisiae,10,1","certain,27,3,36,2,13,1,22,4,23,1,26,5,34,1,68,1,38,6,46,1,67,2,70,1","certainly,10,1","certified,38,2","cervical,67,3","cervix,3,1,52,1,67,4","cesarean,3,1","cessation,16,1,52,1","cf,19,3","cfm,87,4","cfs,1,15,11,3","chafed,3,1","chafing,3,1","chain,4,1","challenge,36,1,23,1,53,1","challenges,36,1,22,1,26,1","challenging,23,1,53,1","chamomile,51,1","champ,65,8,66,8,136,13,137,8","champvti,136,1","chance,1,1,22,3,23,1,38,3,46,2","chances,38,1,46,3,53,1","change,27,1,36,1,7,1,10,1,13,1,16,1,22,5,26,1,68,1,38,1,46,2,53,1,59,1,60,1,62,1,63,1","changed,22,1,67,1","changes,36,1,8,1,11,2,13,1,15,1,16,3,22,8,23,1,38,3,46,5,53,1,64,1","changing,36,1,53,1,70,1","chaos,53,1","characteristic,1,1","characteristics,36,1,16,2","characterized,36,3","charset,73,2,72,2,74,2,75,2,76,2,77,2,78,2,79,2,80,2,81,2,82,2,83,2,84,2,85,2,86,2,87,2,88,2,89,2,90,2,91,2,92,2,94,2,97,2,98,2,104,2,105,2,106,2,107,2,109,2,116,1,117,2,122,2,123,2,124,2,126,1,128,2,129,2,130,2,132,1,134,2,135,2,136,1,138,2,139,2,140,2,141,2","chart,22,2,23,2","charting,15,1","chased,53,1","check,5,2,36,1,23,3,26,1,38,4,46,3,70,2","checked,46,1","checking,23,1","checks,38,1","checkups,38,5,46,3","cheese,10,1,51,1","chef,23,1","chemical,36,1,17,1,52,2,51,3","chemicals,1,1,26,4,38,1,46,1","chemistry,36,2","chemotherapy,38,14","chengappa,22,1","chest,36,2,7,1,16,1,68,2,46,10,51,1,53,1","chicago,23,2","child,36,2,22,3,23,1,26,41,46,25,51,1,53,1,67,1","childbirth,14,5,23,1,68,1","childhood,36,1,22,1,23,1,46,1,53,1","children,3,3,36,1,8,1,14,2,16,2,17,1,19,7,22,10,23,8,26,26,34,5,68,1,46,15,67,1,90,1,97,1,105,1","chills,1,1,3,1,5,1,36,1,8,1,68,1,51,1","chilly,26,1","chin,16,2","chinese,36,1","chips,23,3","chiu,22,1","chlamydia,14,7,85,1","chlorinated,17,1","chocolate,27,1","choices,23,1,38,4","choking,16,2,68,1","cholangiography,38,1","cholangiopancreatography,38,1","cholesterol,67,1","choose,38,1,46,2","choosing,16,1","chronic,1,5,5,1,36,4,10,1,11,2,16,1,17,1,19,5,22,3,23,2,68,1,38,3,46,6,53,6,90,1,117,1","ciaran,23,1","cigarette,38,1,46,1","cincinnati,23,1","circles,26,1","circulate,7,1","circulatory,67,1","circumstances,34,1","cis,38,1","cities,26,1","citrus,27,1","city,23,1,26,1","clammy,36,1","clamoring,53,1","clarissa,22,1","clarity,22,1","class,52,3","classic,22,2","classified,23,1","classify,46,1","claustrophobic,16,1","clean,5,1,26,2","cleaners,26,1","clear,27,1,10,1,11,1,15,1,16,1,38,2,46,1,67,1,77,4","clearly,22,2,53,1","clergy,38,1","client,52,7","climbing,46,1","clinic,16,2,26,1,52,1,38,2","clinical,1,2,36,1,13,1,22,20,38,6","clinicaltrials,22,1,92,2","clinician,3,4,22,1","clinicians,3,1","clinics,16,1,22,1,38,1","clip,16,1","clogs,19,1","clonazepam,22,1","close,17,1,68,2,46,2","closed,26,1","closely,3,5,22,1,38,1,46,4,74,1","closure,16,1","clot,1,1,6,1,12,1,38,1,70,34,72,2,77,2,83,2,141,13","cloth,17,1","clothes,3,1","clothing,26,1","clots,6,1,9,1,67,1,70,4","clotted,64,1","clotting,67,2,70,4","cloud,36,1","cloudy,5,1,8,1,34,1","clozapine,22,3","clozaril,22,1","clumpy,10,1","cluster,3,1","cnf,72,4","cns,13,1","co,36,1,22,8,53,2","coaches,46,1","coagulant,67,2","coagulation,67,2,70,2","coat,17,1","cocaine,36,1,22,1,68,1","cockroach,26,1","cockroaches,26,6,46,2,97,1","coffee,36,1,51,2","cognitions,36,1","cognitive,36,4,13,2,16,1,22,2","cohen,23,1","coitus,52,1","cold,3,3,4,5,36,2,17,1,23,1,26,2,46,2,53,1,75,1","colds,46,2,53,2","coli,5,2,6,1","colitis,27,1,6,2","collagen,23,1","collapsibility,16,1","colleagues,22,1","collect,26,1","collection,9,2","collects,18,5,89,1","colon,27,3,6,1,9,5,11,1,38,1,64,2","colonize,34,1","colonoscopy,27,1","color,51,1","colored,9,1,14,1,51,1","com,3,1,7,1,60,1,67,1,73,6,72,8,74,8,75,8,76,10,78,8,79,8,80,8,81,6,82,8,83,10,84,10,85,8,86,8,87,28,88,8,89,6,90,8,91,8,92,8,94,10,97,10,98,8,105,16,107,8,109,8,117,8,122,10,123,10,124,10,128,6,129,6,130,6,134,4,135,14,138,6,139,8,140,8,141,6","combination,36,1,16,1,22,4,38,2,46,2","combinations,22,1,38,2","combined,22,1","combines,22,1","come,3,5,36,2,13,1,14,2,22,1,26,1,68,1,38,1,46,1,53,1,74,1","comes,22,1,68,1,38,1,46,1,67,1,70,1","comfort,10,1","comfortably,38,1","comforting,27,1","coming,6,1","commercial,16,1","comming,6,1","committed,22,1","committing,22,1","common,1,1,3,7,4,7,5,2,27,11,36,5,7,5,9,2,10,2,11,3,13,8,15,7,16,4,17,1,22,6,23,6,26,16,34,5,38,9,46,4,51,7,53,1,64,7,67,6,69,5,70,1,74,1,75,1,78,1,84,1,86,1,97,1,98,2,105,1,122,1,135,1,138,1,140,1","commonly,4,6,10,2,17,1,22,2,23,1,75,1","communicating,22,1","communication,13,1","communion,23,1","communities,22,1,69,5,140,1","community,22,1,53,1","commute,53,1","comorbidity,22,2","companies,23,1,38,1","compare,22,1,46,1","compared,34,1","complaint,13,1,64,1","complaints,13,2","complete,1,1,17,1,23,3,46,1","completely,7,1,13,1,14,1,22,1,23,2,34,1,68,1,38,1,69,1","complex,36,1,22,1,34,1,51,1,69,1","complicated,5,1,18,1,34,3","complications,5,1,9,1,23,6,52,3","component,36,1,26,1","components,34,1","composed,8,1","compost,26,1","compounded,67,1","comprehensive,5,1","compressed,53,1","compresses,3,1","comprise,34,1","compromised,16,1","compulsions,36,2","compulsive,36,1,6,1,22,1,53,1","computed,38,1","computer,16,1,38,2","comvti,74,2","concave,16,1","conceive,22,1","conceived,67,1","concentrate,22,1","concentrating,11,1,22,1","concentration,1,1,36,1,16,1,52,4,53,1,123,1","conception,15,4","concepts,22,1","concern,22,1,38,1","concerned,4,1,20,1,68,1","concerns,3,2,22,2,38,2","condition,9,6,10,1,11,1,17,1,23,4,34,2,68,6,38,3,46,5,51,1,67,1,80,1","conditioner,46,1","conditions,1,1,36,5,11,1,16,2,22,1,26,2,38,1,46,2,53,2,67,4","condom,3,3,34,1","condoms,3,1,69,1","conduct,22,1","conducted,36,2","conducting,38,1","conduction,13,1","conducts,23,1","conf,83,2","conference,52,1","conferring,22,1","confidence,36,1","confined,36,1,10,1","confirm,3,1,15,1","confirmed,23,1","conflict,36,1,68,1,53,1","confront,36,1,53,1","confused,23,1,26,1","confusion,36,1,8,2,22,1,51,1","congenital,23,1","congestion,16,1,26,1","conjugated,52,3","conjunction,16,1","conjunctiva,17,17,88,3","conjunctivitis,17,22,26,2,41,1,88,1","connection,3,1,23,1","consciously,34,1","consciousness,36,1,9,1","consecutive,67,1","consensus,22,1,52,1","consequences,16,2,22,1,68,1","conserve,8,1","consider,3,3,4,1,13,1,22,2,38,1,51,1","considerable,68,1","considered,11,1,22,2,23,1,26,1,34,1","considering,22,1,46,1","considers,38,1","consistency,10,1","consistently,20,1","consists,36,1","constant,36,2,13,2,53,1","constantly,53,1","constipated,38,1","constipation,27,3,7,1,9,2,11,1,13,1,15,2,23,1,53,1","constructive,16,1","consult,1,1,27,1,36,2,13,1,14,1,16,3,26,1,34,1,52,1,57,1,58,1,38,1,46,1,51,1,53,1,59,1,63,1,64,1,67,1,68,1,69,1,70,1,87,2","consultation,16,1,52,2","consulting,22,1,73,2,72,2,74,2,75,2,76,2,78,2,79,2,80,2,81,2,82,2,83,2,84,2,85,2,86,2,87,2,88,2,89,2,90,2,91,2,92,2,94,2,97,2,98,2,105,2,107,2,109,2,117,2,122,2,123,2,124,2,128,2,129,2,130,2,135,2,138,2,139,2,140,2,141,2","consume,26,1","consuming,36,1","consumption,51,1,68,1","contact,1,1,2,1,3,7,4,1,5,1,27,1,36,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,4,15,1,16,1,17,3,18,1,19,1,20,1,22,4,23,1,26,2,34,1,52,1,57,1,58,1,38,1,46,3,51,1,53,1,59,1,63,1,64,1,67,2,68,1,69,2,70,1","contacted,67,1","contactus,84,2","contagious,3,1,17,1,38,1","contain,27,1,22,1,23,6,26,1,34,1,38,1,46,1","contained,46,1","container,26,1","containing,23,3","contains,23,1,26,1,34,1","content,73,1,72,1,74,1,75,1,76,1,77,1,78,1,79,1,80,1,81,1,82,1,83,1,84,1,85,1,86,1,87,1,88,1,89,1,90,1,91,1,92,1,94,1,97,1,98,1,104,1,105,1,106,1,107,1,109,1,117,1,122,1,123,1,124,1,128,1,129,1,130,1,134,1,135,1,138,1,139,1,140,1,141,1","contents,67,2","continuation,11,1","continue,22,2,23,2,38,2,51,2,67,1,68,4","continued,15,1,52,1,124,2","continues,15,1,38,1,67,1","continuing,38,1","continuous,9,1,16,3,22,2","contract,4,1,27,1,13,1,34,1","contracted,10,1","contracting,69,1","contraindicated,52,1","contraindications,52,1","contribute,36,2,22,2","contributes,22,1,23,1","contribution,38,1","control,5,1,36,8,10,1,20,1,22,3,23,1,34,3,52,1,38,9,46,41,53,3,64,1,68,2,70,3","controlled,36,2,22,2,23,1,34,1,38,1,46,4","controlling,27,2,36,1,22,1,38,1,46,5","controls,5,1","controversial,23,1,67,1","convenient,16,1","conventional,22,1","convinced,68,1","cooking,46,1","cool,3,1","cooling,13,1","coordination,13,4","copd,1,1","cope,36,1,11,1,22,1,26,1,53,2,67,1","copies,46,1","coping,36,1,38,3,68,1","copy,23,1","cord,13,1,16,1,34,2","corn,23,2","corp,22,1","corpus,18,15,89,3","correct,36,1,34,1,46,1","correctly,46,6","corticosteroid,46,3","corticosteroids,46,3","cortisol,36,1","cortisone,36,1","cosmetics,17,1,26,1","cost,22,1,38,1","cottage,10,1","cotton,3,1,51,1","cough,6,1","coughing,7,1,19,1,26,1,46,9","could,20,1,22,1,23,1,38,1,46,2,53,1,59,2,62,2,63,2,68,5,139,1","coumadin,52,1,70,1","counsel,67,1","counseling,13,2","counsellor,67,1","counselor,27,1,22,1,38,1","count,23,1,26,1,46,1,51,1","counter,36,2,17,1,22,1,26,3,46,1,70,1","counteract,26,1","counting,68,1","country,26,2,53,1","counts,26,2","couple,5,1","couples,7,1,67,1","course,1,4,3,1,10,1,13,2,22,10,67,1,68,2","courses,13,1","cover,3,1,38,1","covered,3,1,17,1,38,1","covering,17,5,88,1","covers,26,1,46,1","cow,26,8","cpap,16,9,87,2","crabs,2,1","cracked,23,1","cramping,27,3,7,1,9,1,15,2,38,1,67,2","cramps,15,1,23,1,26,1,51,1,53,1,67,1","craving,15,1","cravings,15,3","crawling,13,1","crazy,36,2,68,2","creams,52,1","create,36,1,38,3,53,1","creates,68,1","creep,10,1,20,1","cress,22,1","crime,22,1","crisis,53,1","criteria,22,1","critical,36,1,23,1","crohn,23,1","cromolyn,46,2","cross,23,1,26,1","crossed,36,1","crowds,68,1","crumpled,53,1","crunched,51,1","crusting,17,1","crying,36,1,46,1","csa,16,1","csaceliacs,23,2,94,4","css,73,2,72,2,74,2,75,2,76,2,78,2,79,2,80,2,81,2,82,2,83,2,84,2,85,2,86,2,87,2,88,2,89,2,90,2,91,2,92,2,94,2,97,2,98,2,104,2,105,2,106,2,107,2,109,2,117,2,122,2,123,2,124,2,128,2,129,2,130,2,134,2,135,2,138,2,139,2,140,2,141,2","ct,16,1,38,2","cubes,23,1","cultivate,36,1","cultural,22,1","culture,34,1","cultured,34,1","cure,3,1,27,1,16,2,22,1,26,1,38,1,69,1","cured,14,2,17,1,38,1,46,2","curettage,67,1","current,38,1,68,1","currently,22,1,23,1,67,1","cursed,51,1","cut,3,1,27,1,36,1,38,1,64,1,70,2","cuts,20,1,23,1","cycles,16,2,22,1,52,3","cyclical,1,1","cycling,22,5","cynthia,23,1","cyst,1,4,2,4,3,4,4,4,5,4,27,4,36,4,6,1,7,4,8,4,9,4,10,4,11,4,12,4,13,4,14,4,15,4,16,4,17,4,18,12,19,4,20,4,22,4,23,4,26,4,33,4,34,4,35,4,52,4,57,4,58,4,38,4,46,4,51,4,53,4,59,4,63,4,64,4,67,4,68,4,73,1,69,4,70,4,72,1,74,1,75,1,76,1,78,1,79,1,80,1,81,1,82,1,83,1,84,1,85,1,86,1,87,1,88,1,89,2,90,1,91,1,92,1,94,1,97,1,98,1,104,1,105,1,106,1,107,1,109,1,117,1,122,1,123,1,124,1,128,1,129,1,130,1,134,1,135,1,138,1,139,1,140,1,141,1","cystectomy,18,1","cystic,1,5,2,5,3,5,4,5,5,5,27,5,36,5,6,1,7,5,8,5,9,5,10,5,11,5,12,5,13,5,14,5,15,5,16,5,17,5,18,5,19,31,20,5,22,5,23,5,26,5,33,5,34,5,35,5,42,1,41,1,52,5,57,5,58,5,38,5,46,5,51,5,53,5,59,5,63,5,64,5,67,5,68,5,73,3,69,5,70,5,72,3,74,3,75,3,76,3,77,2,78,3,79,3,80,3,81,3,82,3,83,3,84,3,85,3,86,3,87,3,88,3,89,3,90,14,91,3,92,3,94,3,97,3,98,3,104,3,105,3,106,3,107,3,109,3,116,2,117,3,122,3,123,3,124,3,128,3,129,3,130,3,134,3,135,3,138,3,139,3,140,3,141,3","cystitis,34,1,52,1","cystocele,34,1","cystoscopy,34,1","cystospaz,27,1","cysts,18,25,89,5","da,22,1","daily,3,2,27,2,36,2,13,1,22,3,26,1,42,43,52,4,38,1,46,7,53,3","dairy,27,3","dale,22,1","damage,6,1,8,1,13,2,14,2,16,1,20,1,23,8,26,1,34,2,38,3,53,1,67,1,69,1","damaged,14,2,22,1,23,2","damages,20,1,23,6,94,1","damaging,36,1,23,1","damp,26,2","dander,16,1,46,3","danger,3,1,36,3,22,1,53,1,68,1","dangerous,68,1,70,2","daniel,22,1","dapsone,23,2","dark,9,1,14,1,15,1,26,2,38,1,51,3","darker,15,1","data,23,1","database,22,1","date,36,1,26,1,38,1","daughters,67,6,138,1","david,22,1","davidson,87,2","day,1,1,3,1,5,1,27,1,36,2,11,1,16,1,18,1,20,1,22,6,23,5,26,2,52,6,46,11,51,4,53,3,94,1,123,1","days,2,5,3,3,4,1,5,3,9,2,14,8,15,6,16,2,23,1,26,6,38,3,46,2,67,1,73,1,70,1,85,1,97,1","daytime,16,4","db,109,6","dbm,75,4","dc,22,2","dd,22,1","deaconess,23,1","dead,26,1","deaf,38,1","deal,27,3,13,1,16,1,38,1","dealing,36,1","death,2,1,14,1,16,2,22,3,34,1,51,1,69,1","debilitating,36,1","decide,16,1,38,1,46,3,70,1","deciding,26,1","decision,16,2,22,1","decisions,22,1,23,1,38,1","decline,1,1","decongestants,36,1","decrease,7,1,22,1,51,1","decreased,11,1,13,1,16,2,22,1,51,2","deep,36,2,11,1,38,5,46,3,67,1,109,1","deeper,7,1","defaultmessageclose,59,3,62,3,63,3","defaultmessageintro,59,1,61,1,62,1,63,1","defective,19,1","defects,23,1,34,1,67,1,70,1","defend,26,1","defense,34,1","defiant,22,1","deficiency,23,1","deficit,22,1","define,13,1","defined,22,2,67,1","defining,10,1","definitely,26,1","definition,17,2,52,1","definitively,26,1","degree,1,1,11,1,23,3","degrees,13,2,26,1","dehydratation,41,1,51,5","dehydrate,51,1","dehydrated,20,1,51,4","dehydration,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,2,27,1,36,1,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,22,1,23,1,26,1,34,1,42,2,41,1,52,1,57,1,58,1,38,1,46,1,51,44,53,1,59,1,63,1,64,1,67,1,68,1,73,2,69,1,70,1,72,2,74,2,75,2,76,2,77,2,78,2,79,2,80,2,81,2,82,2,83,2,84,2,85,2,86,2,87,2,88,2,89,2,90,2,91,2,92,2,94,2,97,2,98,2,105,2,107,2,109,2,116,2,117,2,122,24,123,2,124,2,128,2,129,2,130,2,134,2,135,2,138,2,139,2,140,2,141,2","dehydrationvti,116,2","delay,38,1","delayed,16,1,23,3,26,1","delbello,22,1","delivery,3,1,52,1","delusions,22,3","demanding,53,1","demands,53,3,68,1","dementia,6,1","demler,22,1","demonstrated,11,1","demonstrates,53,1","demonstrating,16,1","denial,22,1","denise,26,1","density,46,1,52,2","dental,16,8,87,2","dentalsleepmed,87,4","dentist,16,2","deny,22,1","depakote,22,1","department,22,2,26,1","departments,22,1","depend,34,1,38,3,52,1","dependency,68,1","dependent,27,1","depending,2,5,8,1,13,1,22,1,23,1,26,1,38,2,46,1,51,1,73,1","depends,7,1,13,1,22,1,26,1,38,2","depersonalization,68,1","depressed,27,1,11,1,23,1","depression,1,1,36,2,6,1,11,1,13,10,16,2,22,22,52,8,53,3,84,1,123,1","depressive,36,1,22,16,92,1","deprivation,16,8","deprived,16,1","depth,36,1","dermatitis,23,5","des,67,7,138,1","describe,11,1,38,1","described,4,1,11,1,17,1,22,1","describes,36,1,68,1","describing,46,1","descrip,87,2","description,16,1,73,1,72,1,74,1,75,1,76,1,77,1,78,1,79,1,80,1,81,1,82,1,84,1,85,1,86,1,87,1,88,1,89,1,90,1,91,1,92,1,94,1,97,1,98,1,104,1,105,1,106,1,107,1,109,1,117,1,122,1,123,1,124,1,128,1,129,1,130,1,134,1,135,1,138,1,139,1,140,1,141,1","descriptions,16,1,22,1","desensitize,26,1","designed,5,1,23,1","desire,5,1,36,1,22,2","desires,52,1","desiring,15,1","desperate,22,1","desperately,20,1","despised,53,1","despite,36,1,22,2,23,2,34,1","destroy,23,1,38,1","destroyed,20,5,23,1,91,1","destroys,22,1,53,1","destruction,23,1","destructive,22,1","detached,68,1","detail,15,1","detailed,16,1,34,1,38,1","details,16,3","detect,38,1,46,1,67,1","detectable,4,1","detected,15,1","detection,15,1,67,1","detergents,26,1","deterioration,53,1","determine,4,2,15,2,16,1,22,2,26,2,34,1,38,1,46,2,52,1","determined,13,1","determines,26,1","determining,53,1","detrusor,34,1","devastating,68,1","develop,36,2,9,2,22,7,23,5,26,2,38,4,46,3,67,1,68,4,70,1","developing,17,1,18,5,22,4,23,2,38,3,46,2,89,1","development,36,3,11,1,23,1","developmental,36,1","develops,4,1,36,1,13,1,22,2,26,3,38,1,68,1","deviated,16,1","device,16,2,26,3,38,4,46,4","devices,16,8,26,1,87,2","devoid,53,1","dexedrine,36,1","dg,22,1","dh,23,6","dheas,67,1","di,27,1","diabetes,1,5,2,5,3,5,4,5,5,6,36,6,6,1,7,5,8,5,9,5,10,6,11,5,12,5,13,5,14,5,15,5,16,6,17,5,18,5,19,5,20,29,22,6,23,8,26,5,27,5,33,5,34,6,35,5,42,1,41,1,57,5,58,5,38,8,46,5,51,5,52,5,53,6,59,5,63,5,64,5,67,6,68,5,73,3,69,5,70,5,72,3,74,3,75,3,76,3,77,2,78,3,79,3,80,3,81,3,82,3,83,3,84,3,85,3,86,3,87,3,88,3,89,3,90,3,91,13,92,3,94,3,97,3,98,3,104,3,105,3,106,3,107,3,109,3,116,2,117,3,122,3,123,3,124,3,128,3,129,3,130,3,134,3,135,3,138,3,139,3,140,3,141,3","diagnose,1,2,3,1,4,1,5,1,16,2,23,2,26,2,38,1,68,1","diagnosed,3,1,5,1,36,2,13,1,16,2,19,2,22,5,23,8,26,2,27,1,38,2,46,2,87,2","diagnoses,1,1,36,1,14,1,27,1,34,1,57,1,58,1,38,1,46,1,51,1,52,1,53,1,59,1,63,1,64,1,67,1,68,1,69,1,70,1","diagnosing,23,1","diagnosis,1,1,36,2,6,1,11,1,16,15,20,2,22,5,23,3,26,2,34,2,38,7,46,2,52,2,87,2","diagnostic,36,1,10,1,11,1,22,4,34,1,52,1,67,3","diagnostics,67,1","diamino,23,1","diamond,22,1","diaphragm,5,1,34,1","diarrhea,36,1,7,1,9,2,11,1,13,1,23,2,26,4,27,3,38,3,51,5,53,1,122,1","diarrhoea,2,1","diary,16,1,27,1","dickens,23,1","dictionary,109,6","dicyclomine,27,1","did,38,1,53,1,59,1,62,1,63,1","didgeridoo,16,5","didgeridooproductsmodern,87,2","didgeridoostore,87,2","die,36,1,22,1,38,2,46,3,67,1,68,2","died,22,1","diet,3,1,36,2,13,2,23,21,27,6,38,8,52,1","dietetic,23,3","dietitian,23,8,38,1","differ,10,1,22,1,46,2,51,1","difference,16,1,22,2,26,1","differences,36,1,22,1","different,3,6,36,3,15,10,17,1,22,13,26,5,38,2,46,1,51,2,74,1,86,2,92,1","differential,52,1","differently,23,2,46,1","differs,34,1","difficult,3,1,36,1,16,1,22,2,23,1,34,1,38,1,53,1,68,1","difficulties,1,1,36,2,13,1,16,2,52,1,67,1","difficulty,1,1,9,1,11,1,13,1,19,1,22,1,26,2,46,1,51,1","digest,27,1,38,3,51,1","digested,51,1","digesting,27,1","digestion,38,1,51,1","digestive,19,5,23,7,27,1,38,2,53,1,67,1,90,1,94,1","digitally,67,1","dilation,67,1","dilute,20,1","dim,51,1","diminish,67,1","diminished,13,1","dioxide,16,2","diphenylsuphone,23,1","diprimio,26,1","dire,51,1","direct,69,1","directed,46,8","directly,23,1,46,1","director,22,1","directory,38,2","directs,38,1","disability,68,1","disabled,68,1","disabling,1,1,68,1","disadvantages,16,5","disappeared,26,1","disappearing,26,1","disappears,22,1","disappointment,67,1","disastrous,68,1","discharge,10,4,14,2,17,5,67,2","discoloration,23,2","discomfort,2,1,36,1,16,1,17,1,64,3,68,5","discovered,16,1,22,1,23,1","discoveries,22,1","discrete,68,1","discuss,3,1,11,1,22,1,23,1,38,5,52,1","discussed,22,2","discusses,16,1","discussion,16,1,22,1,38,1","disease,1,13,2,2,3,1,4,2,5,1,36,6,6,4,7,1,8,6,9,8,10,6,11,1,12,5,13,5,14,3,15,1,16,5,17,5,18,5,19,11,20,5,22,8,23,138,26,3,27,1,33,5,34,10,35,5,42,1,41,20,57,1,58,1,38,28,46,19,51,1,52,1,53,8,59,6,63,6,64,5,67,7,68,7,73,2,69,7,70,1,72,3,74,2,75,2,76,2,77,2,78,2,79,2,80,2,81,2,82,2,83,2,84,2,85,2,86,2,87,2,88,2,89,2,90,3,91,2,92,2,94,65,97,2,98,2,104,3,105,3,106,3,107,2,109,2,116,2,117,3,122,2,123,2,124,3,128,2,129,2,130,3,134,3,135,2,138,2,139,2,140,2,141,2","diseases,4,5,36,1,14,5,23,8,27,1,41,1,38,1,46,5,51,1,67,1,75,1","disks,53,1","dismissing,52,1","disorder,1,10,2,5,3,5,4,5,5,5,36,34,6,3,7,5,8,5,9,5,10,5,11,5,12,5,13,5,14,5,15,5,16,8,17,5,18,5,19,5,20,5,22,155,23,6,26,5,27,5,33,9,34,5,35,9,42,1,41,1,57,5,58,5,38,5,46,5,51,5,52,5,59,9,53,11,63,9,64,5,67,6,68,23,73,3,69,5,70,5,72,4,74,3,75,3,76,3,77,2,78,3,79,3,80,3,81,3,82,3,83,3,84,3,85,3,86,3,87,3,88,3,89,3,90,3,91,3,92,101,94,3,97,3,98,3,104,4,105,3,106,4,107,4,109,3,116,2,117,3,122,3,123,3,124,4,128,3,129,3,130,4,134,4,135,3,138,3,139,3,140,3,141,3","disorderly,53,1","disorders,1,1,36,50,11,2,16,2,22,17,34,1,53,2,67,4,107,2","dispiriting,68,1","displayed,10,1,53,1","disrupting,36,1","disruption,16,1","disruptions,16,1","disruptive,36,1","dissolves,27,1","distal,38,1","distinct,36,1","distinguish,1,1","distort,7,1","distorts,22,1","distract,36,1","distractibility,22,1","distress,36,3,22,1,68,1","distressing,36,1","disturbances,1,1,11,1,13,3,16,2,52,1,53,1","disturbed,51,1,68,2","diuretic,51,5","diverticula,9,2,34,1","diverticular,9,3","diverticuli,34,1","diverticulitis,1,5,2,5,3,5,4,5,5,5,36,5,6,1,7,5,8,5,9,20,10,5,11,5,12,5,13,5,14,5,15,5,16,5,17,5,18,5,19,5,20,5,22,5,23,6,26,5,27,5,33,5,34,5,35,5,42,1,41,1,57,5,58,5,38,5,46,5,51,5,52,5,59,5,53,5,63,5,64,5,67,5,68,5,73,3,69,5,70,5,72,3,74,3,75,3,76,3,77,2,78,3,79,3,80,12,81,3,82,3,83,3,87,3,84,3,85,3,86,3,88,3,89,3,90,3,91,3,92,3,94,3,97,3,98,3,104,3,105,3,106,3,107,3,109,3,116,2,117,3,122,3,123,3,124,3,128,3,129,3,130,3,134,3,135,3,138,3,139,3,140,3,141,3","diverticulosis,6,1,9,17,80,3","diverticulum,9,5","divide,38,2","dividing,38,1","division,22,1","dizziness,1,5,36,3,9,1,13,1,26,1,33,4,35,4,59,4,53,4,63,4,68,1,72,1,104,1,106,1,124,1,130,1,134,1","dizzy,68,2","dj,22,1","dna,22,1","doc65,87,2","docherty,22,1","doctor,1,5,4,2,5,4,36,5,7,1,14,1,16,6,17,1,20,1,22,8,23,7,26,5,27,11,33,4,34,1,35,4,57,1,58,1,38,59,46,48,51,2,52,1,59,5,53,6,63,5,64,1,67,9,68,3,69,1,70,12,72,1,104,1,106,1,124,1,130,1,134,1","doctors,36,1,22,1,23,1,26,1,38,13,46,4,68,3","documented,36,1","documenting,68,1","doesn,3,1,36,1,16,1,26,2,27,1,53,2","dogs,23,1","doing,27,1,38,1,46,4,70,1","domestic,53,1","don’t,87,1","donut,38,1","doom,68,1","dose,3,1,22,2,46,3","doses,38,2,46,1,52,2,53,1","double,13,1,22,1","doubt,22,1,23,2","down,3,1,11,1,16,3,19,1,20,2,22,3,23,1,26,1,38,3,53,2,68,1","downs,22,5,92,1","drainage,26,1","dramatic,1,1,22,1","dramatically,16,1","drapes,26,1","drastic,16,1","drastically,15,1","draw,20,1","dread,36,1","dreadful,22,1","dream,16,1","dreamweaver,59,1,62,1,63,1","dribbling,13,1","dried,46,2","dries,26,1","drink,5,1,20,1,27,2,51,13","drinker,51,1","drinking,5,1,36,1,20,1,51,9,122,1","drinks,51,5","drip,14,2","drive,13,1,22,2,53,1,68,1","driving,16,1,68,2","drop,16,1,9,1,26,2,46,1","dropped,26,1","drops,17,2","drowsy,38,1","drug,22,6,23,1,34,1,52,4","drugs,3,4,36,4,22,4,34,1,38,9,46,2,52,1,67,1,68,1","drugstore,15,1","dry,3,1,16,2,20,1,22,1,26,2,38,1,51,2,52,1","dryness,15,1,17,1,26,1,52,2","ds00148,87,2","dsection,87,2","dsm,22,3","duct,38,8","ducts,38,8","due,5,1,36,1,7,3,20,6,22,1,46,1,51,2,67,1,91,1","duodenum,38,3","duration,3,1,15,5,34,1,86,1","during,1,1,3,4,4,2,5,2,16,29,36,1,7,1,8,1,9,6,10,1,11,2,13,1,14,8,15,2,17,1,22,12,23,2,26,1,27,1,38,7,46,7,64,9,67,2,69,2,80,1,87,1,135,1","durum,23,1","dust,16,1,26,15,46,5,97,1","dusts,46,1","dw,22,1","dye,38,4","dyes,26,1","dying,36,1,68,1","dynamics,36,1","dysfunction,16,1,13,2","dysfunctional,53,1","dysthymia,22,1","dysuria,52,1","earlier,3,1,22,2,23,1,38,1,53,1,68,1","earliest,13,1,15,1","early,1,1,3,1,4,5,36,3,6,2,13,1,14,1,15,9,22,3,26,2,41,2,38,3,46,7,51,1,52,4,53,1,67,9,69,1,75,1,138,1","earth,22,1","easer,5,1","eases,23,1","easier,16,1,34,1,70,1","easily,3,1,4,5,5,1,34,1,38,1,70,2,75,1","east,53,1","eastern,53,1","easy,3,5,26,2,38,1,74,1","eat,36,1,20,1,23,8,26,5,27,6,38,1,51,2","eaten,23,1,26,1,27,1","eating,36,1,23,8,27,3,38,4,51,2,53,1","eatright,23,3,94,6","eats,23,1,26,1","echo,59,4,62,4,63,4","echoes,38,4","ect,22,5","eczema,26,1,53,1","edema,15,1","edge,36,1","edges,68,1","edition,22,2","editor,59,1,62,1,63,1","editorial,22,1","eds,22,1","edu,75,6,87,6","educate,26,1","educating,23,1","education,22,1,38,1,52,1","educational,1,2,36,1,14,1,23,1,27,1,34,1,57,1,58,1,38,2,46,1,51,1,52,1,59,1,53,1,63,1,64,1,67,1,68,1,69,1,70,1","effect,7,1,22,1,51,2,52,1,53,1,70,1","effective,3,4,16,7,36,8,22,3,34,1,38,1,46,2,51,1,68,1,69,1,107,1","effectively,22,5,68,1","effectiveness,36,1,22,4","effects,16,9,36,1,13,1,22,8,34,1,38,20,46,2,51,3,52,1,53,1,69,1,70,1","efficacy,22,3","efficiently,53,1","effort,16,1,68,1","efforts,27,1,68,1","egg,7,1,15,2,18,5,26,5,89,1","eggs,7,1,26,3","eight,26,1,34,5,105,1","eighty,5,1","einkorn,23,1","either,16,1,18,5,20,1,22,3,38,1,46,2,53,2,89,1","elaine,23,1","elastic,34,1","elated,22,1","elbows,23,1","elderly,2,1,51,1","elective,52,1","electrical,16,1,13,1","electro,51,1","electrocardiogram,46,1","electroconvulsive,22,1","electrolyte,51,1","electrolytes,51,6","elementary,19,1","elevated,15,1,22,1","eliminate,16,1,36,1,26,1","eliminated,34,1","eliminating,16,1,23,1","email,23,6,59,5,60,8,61,2,62,5,63,5","email1,59,2,62,2,63,2","email2,59,2,62,2,63,2","email3,59,2,62,2,63,2","embarrassing,16,2","embolism,67,1","embolus,70,10,141,2","embryo,7,1","emergency,22,1,26,2,46,6,51,1,64,1,67,1,68,1","emission,22,1","emmer,23,1","emotional,16,1,36,3,13,2,22,1,23,1,38,2,46,1,53,6,67,1,68,1","emotionally,36,1","employers,22,1,53,1","empties,34,1,38,1","empty,5,1,22,1,34,1,51,1","emptying,5,2,34,1","enabled,53,1","enamel,23,1","encompassing,1,1","encourage,16,1,10,1,26,1,38,1,46,1,52,1","encouraged,22,1","encouragement,22,2","ency,87,2","end,1,1,22,1,38,1,46,1,53,1,60,1,64,1","endless,53,1","endocrine,67,1","endometrial,7,1","endometriosis,1,4,2,4,3,4,4,4,5,4,16,4,36,4,6,1,7,27,8,4,9,4,10,4,11,4,12,4,13,4,14,4,15,4,17,4,18,4,19,4,20,4,22,4,23,4,26,4,27,4,33,4,34,4,35,4,57,4,58,4,38,4,46,4,51,4,52,4,59,4,53,4,63,4,64,4,67,4,68,4,73,1,69,4,70,4,72,1,74,1,75,1,76,1,78,3,79,1,80,1,81,1,82,1,83,1,87,1,84,1,85,1,86,1,88,1,89,1,90,1,91,1,92,1,94,1,97,1,98,1,104,1,105,1,106,1,107,1,109,1,117,1,122,1,123,1,124,1,128,1,129,1,130,1,134,1,135,1,138,1,139,1,140,1,141,1","endomysium,23,1","endorsement,16,1","endoscope,23,2,38,6","endoscopic,38,2","endoscopy,16,1","endrometriosis,1,2,2,2,3,2,4,2,5,2,16,2,36,2,7,10,8,2,9,2,10,2,11,2,12,2,13,2,14,2,15,2,17,2,18,2,19,2,20,2,22,2,23,2,26,2,27,2,33,1,34,2,35,1,42,1,41,1,57,2,58,2,38,2,46,2,51,2,52,2,59,2,53,2,63,2,64,2,67,2,68,2,73,2,69,2,70,2,72,2,74,2,75,2,76,2,77,2,78,10,79,2,80,2,81,2,82,2,83,2,87,2,84,2,85,2,86,2,88,2,89,2,90,2,91,2,92,2,94,2,97,2,98,2,104,2,105,2,106,2,107,2,109,2,116,2,117,2,122,2,123,2,124,2,128,2,129,2,130,2,134,2,135,2,138,2,139,2,140,2,141,2","ends,16,1,53,1","endurance,11,1","endure,53,2","energized,22,1","energy,16,2,11,1,13,1,20,4,22,9,38,6,92,1","engaged,68,1","engages,51,1","engaging,53,1","engendered,53,1","engineering,23,1","english,38,1","enhance,13,1","enhanced,19,1,22,1","enhancement,22,1","enhancers,23,1","enjoy,46,1,53,1","enjoyed,22,1","enlarge,17,1","enlarged,5,1,16,2,17,5,64,1,88,1","enlargement,18,1,34,1","enlargements,5,1","enough,3,1,16,2,36,1,20,6,23,3,26,1,27,6,38,3,46,5,51,5,53,3,68,1,70,1,91,1,98,1,122,1","enriched,23,1","ensure,38,1","ensures,16,1","ent,87,2","entcolumbia,87,2","enter,16,1,8,1,38,2,59,2,61,2,62,2,63,2","entering,68,1","enterobacter,5,1","enteropathy,23,1","entire,16,1,23,1,26,1,38,1","entirely,22,1","entities,53,1","enuresis,8,1","envelope,23,5,94,1","environment,36,4,10,1,22,1,46,1,52,1,53,1","environmental,36,1,17,1,23,1,26,1","environments,26,1","envision,53,1","enzyme,5,1","enzymes,19,1,23,1,38,4","eod,59,2,62,2,63,2","ephedra,36,1","epilepsy,36,1,6,1,22,1","epinephrine,36,1,26,13","episode,3,4,16,1,36,1,22,8,46,2","episodes,3,2,16,2,36,1,8,1,22,22,46,3,68,1","episodic,3,1,13,1,53,2","equally,26,1","equilibrium,53,1","equipment,16,1,13,1,26,1,38,1","equipped,34,1","equiv,73,1,72,1,74,1,75,1,76,1,77,1,78,1,79,1,80,1,81,1,82,1,83,1,87,1,84,1,85,1,86,1,88,1,89,1,90,1,91,1,92,1,94,1,97,1,98,1,104,1,105,1,106,1,107,1,109,1,117,1,122,1,123,1,124,1,128,1,129,1,130,1,134,1,135,1,138,1,139,1,140,1,141,1","ercp,38,2","erode,9,1","erodes,9,1,22,1","errands,68,1","error,59,1,62,1,63,1","errors,60,3","erythematosus,23,1","erythropoietin,34,1","escape,16,1,36,2,68,2","escherichia,5,1","español,22,1","especially,1,5,2,2,3,3,5,1,16,1,36,1,10,1,11,2,20,1,22,2,26,2,27,1,33,4,35,4,38,1,46,5,59,4,53,4,63,4,64,1,69,6,72,1,104,1,106,1,124,1,130,1,134,1,140,1","essential,16,6,23,1,26,1,52,4,87,1","esteem,36,1","estimate,23,1","estimated,26,5,68,1,97,1","estimates,26,1","estrogen,34,1,52,1","estrogens,52,3","euphoria,13,1,22,1","euphoric,22,1","europe,53,1","eus,38,2","evaluate,22,2","evaluated,22,1,23,1,64,1","evaluating,22,1,23,1","evaluation,22,1,34,1","evaluations,7,1","even,2,1,3,2,4,5,16,4,36,2,7,2,11,2,14,1,15,1,22,8,23,1,26,4,34,2,38,1,46,7,51,3,53,4,67,1,68,7,70,1,75,1","evening,13,1,52,2","event,1,1,36,2,22,1,53,5,67,1,68,2","events,16,1,36,1,22,1,27,1,53,3","eventually,36,1,22,1,26,1,52,1","everyone,22,6,46,1,51,1,68,1,92,1","everything,22,1,38,1","everywhere,26,1","evidence,1,1,11,2,22,5,38,2,52,1","evoke,53,1","exacerbate,36,2","exacerbated,53,1","exact,26,1,38,1","exactly,36,1,46,1,51,1","exaggerated,36,1","exaggeration,68,1","exam,3,1,36,1,17,1,26,1,34,1,38,2,46,2","examination,5,1,16,1,36,1,7,1,67,2","examinations,7,1,38,1,67,1","examine,5,2,10,1,22,1","examined,34,1","examines,38,1","example,16,2,11,1,13,1,22,3,23,3,26,6,27,1,38,3,46,3,52,2,53,1,67,1,68,3","examples,23,2,46,1","except,53,1","excess,16,1","excessive,16,2,23,1,68,1,70,6","excessively,22,1","exchange,42,3,41,1,73,4,72,4,74,4,75,4,76,4,78,4,79,4,80,4,81,4,82,4,83,4,87,4,84,4,85,4,86,4,88,4,89,4,90,4,91,4,92,4,94,4,97,4,98,4,104,4,105,4,106,2,107,4,109,4,116,6,117,4,122,4,123,4,124,4,128,4,129,4,130,4,134,4,135,4,138,4,139,4,140,4,141,4","exciting,53,1","excrete,8,1","excreted,34,1","excursions,68,1","exercise,36,2,11,1,13,2,27,1,46,10,51,2,53,1","exercises,13,3","exercising,46,1","exertion,1,1","exhaust,53,1","exhausting,53,1","exhaustion,11,1,68,1","existing,36,1,22,1,23,1","exits,8,1","expands,34,1","expect,10,1,15,1,19,1,22,1,46,1,68,1","expectant,18,1","expectations,53,2","expected,38,2","expel,34,1","expell,51,1","expelled,67,2","expensive,26,1,68,1","experience,1,3,4,4,5,1,16,2,36,2,7,7,10,1,13,1,15,12,17,1,22,5,26,3,53,4,67,1,68,2,78,1,86,2","experienced,1,4,4,1,36,1,10,1,22,1,23,1,33,4,35,4,51,2,59,4,53,4,63,4,68,2,72,1,104,1,106,1,124,1,130,1,134,1","experiences,22,1,53,2","experiencing,1,1,36,1,10,5,26,1,53,4,68,1,81,1","expert,22,1","expertise,22,1","experts,67,2","explain,38,3,52,1,68,1","explained,22,1","exploring,46,2","exposed,3,2,26,2,46,5,67,1","exposure,4,1,16,1,36,2,26,7,38,1,46,1","exposures,36,1","expression,46,1","extended,19,1,22,1,26,1","extenderversion,129,1","extensive,26,1,53,1","extent,38,4","external,34,1,38,1,53,1,64,7,68,1","extra,20,2,38,2,46,1,70,1","extreme,36,4,8,1,22,3,26,1,51,2,68,2","extremely,26,4,22,2,23,1,68,1","extremities,13,1,20,1","extremity,13,1","eye,1,6,2,5,3,5,4,5,5,5,16,6,26,5,36,5,6,1,7,5,8,5,9,5,10,5,11,5,12,5,13,6,14,5,15,5,17,40,18,5,19,5,20,5,22,5,23,5,27,5,33,5,34,5,35,5,42,1,41,1,57,5,58,5,38,5,46,5,51,5,52,5,59,5,53,5,63,5,64,5,67,5,68,5,73,3,69,5,70,5,72,3,74,3,75,3,76,3,77,2,78,3,79,3,80,3,81,3,82,3,83,3,87,3,84,3,85,3,86,3,88,19,89,3,90,3,91,3,92,3,94,3,97,3,98,3,104,3,105,3,106,3,107,3,109,3,116,2,117,3,122,3,123,3,124,3,128,3,129,3,130,3,134,3,135,3,138,3,139,3,140,3,141,3","eyedrops,17,1","eyelashes,17,1","eyelid,17,5,88,1","eyelids,17,1","eyes,3,2,26,3,13,1,17,5,38,2","f1email,60,2","f1name,60,1","f2email,60,2","f2name,60,1","f3email,60,2","f3name,60,1","fabric,26,1","fabrics,26,1","face,16,1,26,1,11,1,14,1,15,1,22,1,51,1,53,1,68,1","faced,36,2","facial,16,1","facilities,38,1","facility,26,1","facing,53,1","fact,26,6,36,1,7,5,10,1,22,1,23,3,34,1,68,1,78,1,97,1","factor,36,2,38,1,67,1","factories,23,1","factors,5,1,16,4,36,7,7,1,22,6,23,1,34,2,38,7,53,2,70,1","facts,36,1","fade,68,2","fail,68,1","failure,16,1,23,1,51,5,52,1,122,1","faint,68,1","fainting,1,1","faintly,10,1","fair,53,1","fairly,1,1,26,1,13,1,67,5,138,1","fall,3,1,16,1,26,1","falling,16,1","fallopian,7,1","falls,53,1","false,22,1","falsevti,73,4,72,4,74,4,75,4,76,4,77,2,78,4,79,4,80,4,81,4,82,4,83,4,87,4,84,4,85,4,86,4,88,4,89,4,90,4,91,4,92,4,94,4,97,4,98,4,104,4,105,4,106,4,107,4,109,4,116,4,117,4,122,4,123,4,124,4,126,4,128,4,129,4,130,4,132,4,134,4,135,4,136,4,138,4,139,4,140,4,141,4","falshes,52,4,123,1","familiar,17,1,68,1","familiarize,26,1","families,16,1,36,1,22,6,23,2,38,3,53,1","family,1,1,16,1,26,5,36,5,22,16,23,2,27,3,38,5,46,5,53,2,64,1,67,2,68,3,70,1","faq,16,2,87,2","far,22,1,34,1,68,2","farina,23,1","fashion,53,1","fast,22,5,46,2,51,2,68,1","faster,46,2,51,2,53,1","fastest,51,1","fasting,67,5","fat,16,1,20,1,27,3,38,1","fatal,51,1,52,1","father,38,1","fatigue,1,9,2,1,4,1,36,3,8,1,11,4,13,8,15,3,20,1,22,1,23,3,51,2,53,2,84,1","fatique,1,1","fatty,22,2,23,1,51,1,52,3","fax,23,4","fc,22,1","fda,15,1,22,4","fear,36,18,68,16,107,1","fearful,36,1","fears,36,5,68,1","feathers,26,1,46,1","february,26,1","fed,38,1","federman,22,1","feed,26,1","feeddirect,83,6","feeding,38,4","feel,3,1,36,10,11,1,20,2,22,3,27,5,38,7,46,7,51,6,53,3,64,1,67,3,68,4,107,1","feeling,1,2,16,1,36,3,11,1,13,1,17,1,22,7,27,3,38,1,51,1,53,1,64,1,68,4","feelings,3,3,11,2,13,1,14,1,15,2,22,7,38,2,52,1,53,1,68,4","feels,11,1,20,1,22,1,38,1,52,1,53,2,67,1","feet,11,1,14,1,15,1,20,1,53,1,69,1","feline,6,1","felt,1,4,11,6,33,4,35,4,59,4,53,4,63,4,68,2,72,1,82,1,104,1,106,1,124,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07,13,109,13,116,8,117,13,122,13,123,13,124,13,128,13,129,13,130,13,134,13,135,13,138,13,139,13,140,13,141,13","infections,2,1,3,4,4,6,5,12,26,1,10,3,14,1,17,2,19,2,20,1,23,1,34,10,38,1,46,5,53,2,69,1,75,1","infectious,17,3,22,1,52,2,69,1","infects,10,1","infertility,7,7,23,1,67,3,78,1","infested,26,1","inflamed,5,5,9,2,17,7,46,9,76,1,88,1,117,1","inflammation,5,5,9,1,17,5,46,6,76,1,88,1","inflammatory,27,1,46,2","inflicted,53,1","influence,22,3","influenced,22,1","info,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,1,16,1,26,1,36,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,22,1,23,3,27,1,34,1,57,1,58,1,38,1,46,1,51,1,52,1,59,1,53,1,60,3,63,1,64,1,67,1,73,4,68,1,69,1,70,1,72,4,74,2,75,4,76,4,78,4,79,4,80,4,81,4,82,4,87,4,83,4,84,4,85,4,86,4,88,4,89,4,90,4,91,4,92,4,94,8,97,4,98,4,105,4,107,4,109,4,117,4,122,4,123,4,124,4,128,4,129,4,130,4,134,4,135,4,138,4,139,4,140,4,141,4","inform,60,1","informal,16,1","information,1,1,3,2,5,2,16,6,36,1,6,4,13,5,14,2,22,9,23,3,27,2,34,1,41,1,57,1,58,1,38,17,46,1,51,1,52,1,59,1,53,1,63,1,64,1,67,2,68,1,69,1,70,1","informationvti,77,1","informed,23,1","informing,26,1","infrequent,46,2","infrequently,9,1,22,1","infused,22,1","ingestion,2,5,51,1,73,1","ingredient,22,1,23,2","ingredients,26,1,23,2,52,2","inhaled,26,1,46,13","inhaler,46,7","inhalers,36,1,46,3","inherently,16,1","inherit,26,1","inherited,36,1,19,5,70,1,90,1","inhibit,16,1","inhibition,36,1,53,1","inhibits,53,1","initial,3,2,4,2,26,1,13,1,51,1,68,2,69,1","initially,52,1","initiated,52,2","inject,38,1","injectable,26,10,22,1","injected,26,1,38,1,70,1","injecting,38,1","injection,26,2,38,1","injections,26,1,69,1","injured,70,1","injuries,53,1","injury,3,1,16,1,22,1,23,1,34,2","inner,5,5,26,2,17,6,76,1,88,1","insect,26,10","insects,26,1","insecurity,36,1","inserted,38,1","inserting,38,1","inside,3,1,16,2,10,1,22,1,23,1,38,1,46,6,64,2,70,5,117,1,141,1","insights,22,1","insoluble,27,2","insomnia,16,1,36,2,22,1,52,4,123,1","inspection,17,1","instance,1,1,17,1,22,1","instances,26,1","instead,22,2,23,1,70,1","institute,36,2,22,2,23,1,38,5","institutes,22,1","instructions,26,1,67,1","instructs,16,1","instrument,16,1","instrumentation,34,1","instruments,23,1","insulin,20,17,38,5,67,1,91,2","insurance,38,2","intact,52,1","intake,13,1,27,2","intended,5,2,16,1","intense,36,3,53,2,67,1,68,4","intensely,22,1,68,1","intensity,36,1,7,1,15,5,68,1,86,1","interact,36,2","interacting,36,1","interactions,22,1,52,1","intercourse,3,1,5,3,7,1,10,2,34,1,52,2","interest,13,1,22,1","interesting,22,1","interfere,46,2,51,1,68,1","interferes,36,3,23,6,27,1,94,1","interminable,53,1","intermittent,9,1,13,1,46,2","internal,34,2,38,2,64,9","internalized,53,1","international,3,1","internet,23,6,38,1","internists,22,1","interpersonal,22,4","interrelated,36,2","interruption,11,1","intervention,22,3,67,1","interventions,22,5,52,2","intestinal,9,5,23,8,80,1","intestine,26,1,23,18,24,8,38,14,64,1,94,3,95,8,109,1","intestines,23,2,27,18,98,3","intolerance,23,2,27,2","intolerant,27,1","intoxication,51,1","intravenous,9,1","intravenously,23,1,38,2","introduced,22,1","introduction,22,3","introitus,52,1","intrusive,22,1","invade,34,5,38,1,105,1","invader,26,2","invading,26,1","invasive,22,1","investigated,67,1","investigation,22,1,38,1","investor,73,2,72,2,74,2,75,2,76,2,78,2,79,2,80,2,81,2,82,2,87,2,83,2,84,2,85,2,86,2,88,2,89,2,90,2,91,2,92,2,94,2,97,2,98,2,105,2,107,2,109,2,117,2,122,2,123,2,124,2,128,2,129,2,130,2,135,2,138,2,139,2,140,2,141,2","involve,26,1,7,1,8,1,22,1","involved,2,5,36,1,52,1,73,1","involvement,16,1","involves,13,2,22,2,23,2,34,1,69,1","involving,16,1,26,1","ireland,23,1,53,1","iron,23,1","irrational,36,2,68,1","irregular,16,4,7,1,52,1,53,1","irresistible,22,1","irresponsible,53,1","irreversible,69,1","irritability,1,1,16,1,8,1,11,1,22,3,23,1,36,1,52,4,53,1,123,1","irritable,1,1,6,1,11,1,22,4,23,2,27,12,36,1,41,1,53,1,98,1","irritants,16,1,17,1,46,4","irritated,17,6,88,1","irritates,17,1","irritating,46,2,53,1","irritation,10,2,17,2,52,1,64,2","irritations,3,1","islet,38,2","isn,1,1,26,2,20,1","iso,73,2,72,2,74,2,75,2,76,2,78,2,79,2,80,2,81,2,82,2,87,2,83,2,84,2,85,2,86,2,88,2,89,2,90,2,91,2,92,2,94,2,97,2,98,2,104,2,105,2,106,2,107,2,109,2,117,2,122,2,123,2,124,2,128,2,129,2,130,2,134,2,135,2,138,2,139,2,140,2,141,2","isojarvi,22,1","isolation,36,1,53,1","israel,23,1","issues,11,2,13,1,22,1,36,1","it’d,81,1","it’s,81,1","italy,23,1","itching,1,4,3,2,26,2,10,6,14,2,33,4,35,4,52,1,59,4,53,5,63,4,64,7,72,1,81,1,104,1,106,1,124,1,130,1,134,1,135,1","itchy,26,6,17,1,20,1,23,2","item,23,1","items,26,1,22,1","its,1,1,26,3,10,5,13,2,19,1,22,4,23,2,36,2,38,2,52,1,53,2,67,1,69,1,81,1","itself,16,2,26,3,36,1,53,1","iu,52,2","iv,22,3,38,1","jacobs,22,1","jamison,22,2","jane,22,1","january,22,2","jaundice,14,1,38,3","jaw,16,8,53,1","jc,22,2","je,22,1","jee,46,1","ji,22,1","jitters,36,1","jittery,36,1","jj,22,2","jm,22,1","job,22,1,23,1,53,1,70,1","jobs,38,1,53,2","joebucks,135,2","john,22,5","join,38,1","joining,22,1","joint,1,1,23,1","journal,22,9","jp,2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1","nerve,13,4,20,1,23,1,38,1","nerves,7,1,38,3,68,1","nervosa,53,1","nervous,16,1,20,1,68,1","nervousness,36,2,52,1,53,1","net,23,2,94,4","network,51,1","neural,23,1","neuritis,11,1","neuroanatomy,22,1","neurogenic,34,1","neuroimaging,22,1","neurological,13,1,68,1","neurology,22,1","neuromuscular,16,1","neurontin,22,1","neuropathy,20,2","neurotransmitters,36,1,52,1","never,3,2,22,1,53,1,68,2","nevertheless,34,1,38,1","new,8,1,16,1,19,1,22,9,23,2,27,3,36,1,38,10,46,2,52,1,53,1,60,3,73,74,70,1,72,76,74,58,75,58,76,56,78,56,79,56,80,56,81,56,82,56,87,56,83,72,84,56,85,60,86,56,88,56,89,56,90,56,91,56,92,62,94,56,97,56,98,56,104,48,105,56,106,46,107,56,109,56,117,56,122,62,123,58,124,62,128,64,129,64,130,64,134,64,135,70,138,70,139,74,140,74,141,76,144,8","newborn,3,4,69,1","newer,22,3","newly,23,1","news,1,2,2,2,3,2,4,2,5,2,26,3,7,2,8,2,9,2,10,2,11,2,12,11,13,2,14,2,15,2,16,2,17,2,18,2,19,2,20,2,22,3,23,2,27,2,33,1,34,2,35,1,42,1,36,3,41,1,57,2,58,2,38,2,46,2,51,2,52,2,59,2,53,2,63,2,64,2,67,3,73,4,68,2,69,2,70,2,72,4,74,4,75,4,76,4,78,4,79,4,80,4,81,4,82,4,87,4,83,12,84,4,85,4,86,4,88,4,89,4,90,4,91,4,92,4,94,4,97,4,98,4,104,2,105,4,106,2,107,4,109,4,116,2,117,4,122,4,123,4,124,4,128,4,129,4,130,4,134,4,135,4,138,4,139,4,140,4,141,4","newsletter,3,1","newtechpub,87,2","next,4,1,16,1,38,1","nhhs,73,3,72,4,74,3,75,3,76,1,78,1,79,1,80,1,81,1,82,1,87,23,83,2,84,2,85,1,86,1,88,1,89,1,90,1,91,1,92,6,94,9,97,1,98,1,104,2,105,1,106,1,107,1,109,5,116,42,117,1,122,3,123,1,124,3,128,4,129,4,130,4,134,3,135,6,138,4,139,4,140,4,141,4","nhus,73,2,72,2,74,2,75,2,76,2,78,2,79,2,80,2,81,2,82,2,87,2,83,2,84,2,85,2,86,2,88,2,89,2,90,2,91,2,92,2,94,8,97,2,98,2,105,2,107,2,109,2,117,2,122,2,123,2,124,2,128,2,129,2,130,2,132,1,134,2,135,2,138,2,139,2,140,2,141,2","niddk,23,2","nierenberg,22,1","night,1,2,8,2,11,2,16,9,36,1,46,8,51,1,52,9,68,1,123,2","nights,16,1","nighttime,46,3","nih,22,3,87,2,92,6","nimh,22,11,92,2","nipples,15,2","nlm,22,1,87,2,92,4","nmha,22,1","nocturia,8,1","nocturnal,68,2","nodes,1,1,4,1,38,4","noise,1,1,53,1","noisy,16,1,46,2","non,16,1,18,5,36,1,89,1","noncancerous,38,1","none,4,1,38,1","nonexistent,20,1","nonpharmacologic,52,1","nonsmokers,38,1","nonspecific,4,1","nonsteroidal,46,1","nontropical,23,1","nor,5,1","normal,7,1,11,1,13,1,22,7,23,2,34,1,36,3,38,3,46,5,52,2,53,1,64,1,67,2,68,2,92,1","normally,17,6,23,1,34,2,38,2,51,1,53,1,88,1","north,3,1,23,2","northern,53,1","nose,26,3,16,8,17,1,46,1","note,1,1,11,1,14,1,16,2,22,1,27,1,34,1,36,1,57,1,58,1,38,1,46,1,51,1,52,1,59,1,53,1,63,1,64,1,67,1,68,1,69,1,70,1","noted,11,1,68,1","notepad,16,1","notes,38,2","nothing,16,1,22,2,68,1","notice,16,1,20,1,22,1,27,1,46,1,59,5,62,5,63,5,64,1,68,3,70,1","noticeable,20,2,23,1","noticed,3,1,38,1","notices,16,5,87,1","nourishment,38,1","nshs,73,2,72,3,74,2,75,5,76,4,78,3,79,3,80,3,81,2,82,3,87,3,83,4,84,3,85,3,86,3,88,3,89,2,90,3,91,3,92,3,94,4,97,4,98,3,105,7,107,3,109,24,117,3,122,3,123,4,124,3,128,2,129,2,130,2,134,2,135,4,138,2,139,3,140,3,141,2","nsus,77,4","ntop,30,8,98,2,102,8","number,1,1,26,1,8,1,16,1,22,1,23,2,36,2,38,2,46,6,51,2","numbers,22,1,34,1","numbness,11,1,13,10,20,1,23,1,68,1,84,1","numerous,11,1,36,1","nurse,26,1,38,1","nurses,22,1,38,1,52,1","nursing,22,1","nut,26,2","nutrient,23,4,52,2","nutrients,23,13,94,1","nutrition,23,6,38,2,52,1","nuts,26,5,23,1,52,2","oat,26,1","oats,23,5","ob,67,1","obese,16,1","obesity,16,2,46,1,53,1","object,36,2,46,1,51,1","observation,16,1","observed,1,4,26,1,33,4,35,4,59,4,53,4,63,4,72,1,104,1,106,1,124,1,130,1,134,1","obsessions,36,2","obsessive,6,1,22,1,36,1,53,1","obstetrician,67,1","obstetricians,52,1","obstruct,16,1","obstructed,16,1","obstruction,9,2,16,1,34,3","obstructions,16,3","obstructive,1,1,16,4,36,1","obstructs,19,1","obtain,23,1,38,1","obtains,22,1,38,1","obvious,26,2","occasional,52,1,68,1","occasionally,13,1,67,1","occasions,9,1","occupational,1,1,13,3","occur,4,1,5,2,26,1,8,1,9,2,10,1,13,2,16,1,20,1,22,8,23,2,34,3,36,1,38,1,46,2,51,1,52,2,64,1,67,3,68,6,69,1","occurred,68,1","occurrence,10,1,22,2","occurring,22,5,67,1,68,1","occurs,2,1,3,1,26,1,7,1,9,1,13,4,20,2,22,2,23,1,34,1,38,1,52,2,64,1","ocd,6,1,36,2","october,26,1","od,52,1","odd,26,5,97,1","odor,26,1,8,1,34,1","odorless,10,1","odors,1,1,46,1","off,3,1,26,1,16,2,17,1,22,1,27,1,36,1,38,1,53,1,64,1","offenders,26,1","offending,26,2","offer,22,2,36,1,38,1,52,1","offered,22,2","offers,36,1,38,1","office,38,1","offices,22,2","official,38,1","oh,67,1","oil,22,1,51,1,52,8","ointment,17,1","olanzapine,22,6","old,26,1,23,1,38,2,46,1,51,5,122,1","older,5,1,26,2,8,1,10,1,19,1,22,2,23,1,46,5,64,1,68,1","oleic,52,1","olive,51,1","olympic,46,1","omaha,23,1","omega,22,2","omnipotence,22,1","once,4,1,22,1,27,1,38,1,46,4,52,4,70,1","oncologist,38,1","oncologists,38,2","ones,22,1,27,1,46,2","oneself,22,1,53,1,68,1","ongoing,3,1,22,1,46,1,70,1","online,15,2","onset,10,1,13,2,20,1,36,1,52,1","onto,26,1,59,6,62,6,63,6,69,1","oophorectomy,18,1","open,3,2,16,1,38,2,46,2,51,1,69,1","opening,34,1","openly,22,1","opens,16,1","operates,3,1,16,1","operation,38,5,51,1","operations,16,1","opinion,38,8","opportunistic,4,1","opportunity,67,1","opposed,1,4,33,4,35,4,59,4,53,4,63,4,68,1,72,1,104,1,106,1,124,1,130,1,134,1","opposing,13,1","oppositional,22,1","optic,13,1","optimal,22,1","option,38,2","optional,59,1,61,1,62,1,63,1","options,13,1,22,2,36,2,38,1","opyright,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,1,26,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,22,1,23,1,27,1,34,1,36,1,57,1,58,1,38,1,46,1,51,1,52,1,59,1,53,1,63,1,64,1,67,1,68,1,69,1,70,1","oral,3,13,5,1,26,1,16,4,69,1,70,1","oralappliance,87,2","oralappliancetherapy,87,2","ordeals,53,1","order,22,1,23,3,53,1","orderly,38,1","ordinary,68,1","org,1,6,2,5,3,6,4,5,5,5,26,5,6,11,7,5,8,5,9,5,10,5,11,5,12,5,13,5,14,6,15,5,16,5,17,5,18,5,19,5,20,5,22,5,23,17,27,6,33,4,34,6,35,4,42,43,36,6,41,40,57,6,58,6,38,7,46,6,51,6,52,6,59,6,53,6,60,5,63,6,64,6,67,6,73,8,68,6,69,6,70,6,72,10,74,4,75,6,76,4,77,1,78,4,79,4,80,4,81,4,82,4,87,12,83,6,84,4,85,4,86,4,88,4,89,4,90,4,91,4,92,6,94,28,97,4,98,4,104,4,105,4,106,3,107,4,109,6,116,84,117,4,122,6,123,5,124,7,128,11,129,12,130,10,134,10,135,10,138,10,139,10,140,11,141,11","organ,67,1","organic,23,1","organizations,22,3","organize,53,1","organizes,3,1","organizing,22,1","organs,3,1,14,6,34,1,38,14,46,2,109,1","orgasmic,13,1","orgterms,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,1,26,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,22,1,23,1,27,1,34,1,36,1,57,1,58,1,38,1,46,1,51,1,52,1,59,1,53,1,63,1,64,1,67,1,68,1,69,1,70,1","original,38,2","originally,26,1","origins,22,1","orthodontic,16,1","osa,16,1","osher,22,1","osteopenia,23,1","osteoporosis,23,4,52,3","otherwise,7,1,22,1","outbreak,3,3","outbreaks,3,7","outcome,22,1","outcomes,22,1","outdoor,46,1","outdoors,26,2","outgrow,26,2","outgrown,26,1","outlined,53,1","outpatient,38,1","outside,26,1,20,1,36,1,38,1,64,2,68,1","outward,68,1","ovarian,1,5,2,5,3,5,4,5,5,5,26,5,6,1,7,5,8,5,9,5,10,5,11,5,12,5,13,5,14,5,15,5,16,5,17,5,18,30,19,5,20,5,22,5,23,5,27,5,33,5,34,5,35,5,42,1,36,5,41,1,57,5,38,6,46,5,51,5,52,6,58,5,59,5,53,5,63,5,64,5,67,6,73,3,68,5,69,5,70,5,72,3,74,3,75,3,76,3,77,2,78,3,79,3,80,3,81,3,82,3,87,3,83,3,84,3,85,3,86,3,88,3,89,14,90,3,91,3,92,3,94,3,97,3,98,3,104,3,105,3,106,3,107,3,109,3,116,2,117,3,122,3,123,3,124,3,128,3,129,3,130,3,134,3,135,3,138,3,139,3,140,3,141,3","ovaries,7,1,52,1","ovary,18,11,22,1,89,2","oven,36,1","overall,22,1,38,1","overcome,22,1,53,1","overdo,1,1","overdrive,53,1","overlooked,1,1","overly,22,3","overnight,16,1","overreaction,26,1","overreactions,53,2","overuse,16,1","overviews,36,1","overweight,16,1","overwhelmed,20,1,36,5,107,1","overwhelming,22,1,36,1,68,1","ovulation,7,1,15,4,18,5,89,1","own,10,5,22,1,23,2,36,2,53,1,60,1,81,1","oxford,22,1","oxygen,16,12,38,1,46,5","oysters,2,1","pa,23,2","packs,3,1","pads,27,1","page,1,1,22,1,23,1,59,1,60,1,62,1,63,1,83,2","pagead,73,2,72,4,74,4,76,6,78,4,79,4,80,4,81,2,82,4,87,4,83,2,84,4,85,4,86,4,88,4,89,4,90,6,91,4,92,4,94,6,97,6,98,4,105,4,107,4,109,4,117,4,122,4,123,6,124,4,128,2,129,2,130,2,134,2,135,4,138,2,139,4,140,4,141,2","pagead2,73,2,72,4,74,4,76,6,78,4,79,4,80,4,81,2,82,4,87,4,83,2,84,4,85,4,86,4,88,4,89,4,90,6,91,4,92,4,94,6,97,6,98,4,105,4,107,4,109,4,117,4,122,4,123,6,124,4,128,2,129,2,130,2,134,2,135,4,138,2,139,4,140,4,141,2","pain,1,7,2,5,3,3,5,2,26,1,7,18,8,3,9,2,11,15,14,5,16,1,18,1,22,1,23,3,27,2,33,4,34,2,35,4,36,2,38,23,51,1,59,4,53,7,63,4,64,11,67,4,73,1,68,2,72,1,78,1,82,2,104,1,106,1,124,1,130,1,134,1,135,1","painful,3,1,5,1,26,1,7,2,10,2,14,1,38,1,51,1,52,2,53,1,64,6,67,1","painless,14,1,64,2,69,1","painting,46,1","pair,34,1","pakarinen,22,1","palate,16,2","pale,23,2,52,1","palliative,38,2","pallidum,69,1","palmitic,52,1","palms,53,1","palpable,52,1","palpitations,36,2,52,4,53,1,68,2,123,1","panc1,39,8,109,2,111,8","panc2,40,8,109,2,110,8","pancreas,19,1,20,2,38,45,109,2","pancreatectomy,38,2","pancreatic,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,1,26,1,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,22,1,23,1,27,1,34,1,42,1,36,1,41,1,57,1,38,65,46,1,51,1,52,1,58,1,59,1,53,1,63,1,64,1,67,1,73,2,68,1,69,1,70,1,72,2,74,2,75,2,76,2,77,2,78,2,79,2,80,2,81,2,82,2,87,2,83,2,84,2,85,2,86,2,88,2,89,2,90,2,91,2,92,2,94,2,97,2,98,2,105,2,107,2,109,91,116,2,117,2,122,2,123,2,124,2,128,2,129,2,130,2,134,2,135,2,138,2,139,2,140,2,141,2","pancreatitis,38,3","panic,1,2,2,1,6,1,10,1,12,1,42,1,36,10,41,1,52,4,73,2,68,69,69,1,70,1,72,2,77,2,83,2,116,2,123,1,139,12,140,2,141,2","paper,64,3","paralysis,13,1,16,1,69,2","parent,36,1","parenthood,3,2","parents,26,6,22,1,23,1,36,2,46,4,70,1","parikh,22,1","park,3,1","part,3,2,26,1,22,1,23,1,36,3,38,15,46,7,51,1,52,5,53,2,67,1,123,1","partial,1,1","partially,13,1","participants,22,1","participate,22,2","participating,22,1","particles,26,3,70,1","particular,26,5,15,2,51,1,68,1","particularly,1,1,5,1,26,1,16,1,20,1,22,1,23,2,36,2,67,6,68,1,138,1","parties,23,1","partly,7,1","partner,3,7,26,1,14,7,16,16,87,1","partners,3,1,13,1,16,1,69,1","parts,26,2,23,1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6,1,8,6,10,1,13,1,34,25,42,1,41,1,38,2,72,2,73,2,74,2,75,2,76,2,77,2,78,2,79,3,80,2,81,2,82,2,87,2,83,2,84,2,85,2,86,2,88,2,89,2,90,2,91,2,92,2,94,2,97,2,98,2,104,2,105,29,106,2,107,2,109,2,116,2,117,2,122,2,123,2,124,2,128,2,129,2,130,2,134,2,135,2,138,2,139,2,140,2,141,2","tracts,13,1,34,2","traditional,22,1,36,2","traffic,53,1","trainer,26,2","training,16,1,23,1,27,1,38,1","traits,36,1","tranquilizers,27,1","transabdominal,38,1","transcendental,36,1","transfusions,9,1","transglutaminase,23,1","transhepatic,38,1","transition,20,1","translate,38,1","transmissible,69,1","transmission,3,2","transmitted,3,2,4,10,14,5,41,1,69,2,75,2","transparent,75,6","transport,7,1,34,1","transportation,38,1,68,1","trapped,22,1","trauma,22,1,36,3,68,1","traumatic,6,1,22,1,36,2,53,3,67,1,68,1","travel,27,1,34,2,38,2,68,2,70,5,141,1","traveled,5,1","traveling,16,1","travels,8,5,20,1,79,1","treat,3,1,26,1,5,2,22,5,23,1,27,1,36,1,38,5,53,1,67,1,46,6,70,1,87,2","treatable,1,1,36,1,68,2","treated,1,1,26,1,5,1,8,1,14,6,17,2,22,9,23,2,27,1,34,3,36,1,38,5,46,4,68,1,69,1,70,1","treating,16,1,17,1,23,1,38,1,46,5,68,1","treatme5,87,2","treatme6,87,2","treatme7,87,2","treatment,1,2,3,1,26,6,5,6,7,1,8,1,13,6,14,6,16,31,17,3,18,2,22,58,23,5,27,1,34,7,36,13,38,52,41,2,51,5,53,1,57,1,67,1,46,13,52,2,58,1,59,1,63,1,64,5,68,2,69,2,70,2,87,6,107,1","treatments,13,1,16,13,19,1,22,14,23,1,36,9,38,6,46,1,68,1,69,1,107,1","treats,26,1","tree,26,6,46,1","trees,26,1,46,1","trembling,13,1,36,1,68,1","tremendous,22,1","tremor,22,1","tremors,13,9,36,1,84,1","treponema,69,1","trial,22,2,38,2","trials,22,4,38,6","triangle,3,1","trichomoniasis,10,1","trick,16,1","trickle,16,1","trigger,26,1,27,1,36,1,51,1,68,2","triggered,23,1,68,1","triggering,26,1","triggers,34,1,53,1","trigone,34,1","trimester,15,8,67,2,86,1","trip,53,1","triples,38,1","trips,20,1,36,1","triticale,23,2","tro,46,1","trouble,14,1,16,1,22,1,27,1,53,1,46,3","troubled,36,2","troubles,53,1","troubling,11,1,68,1","true,26,1,23,1,70,1","truevti,77,2","truly,11,1","trumbetta,22,1","trunk,13,1","trust,4,1","truth,51,1","trying,20,1,22,1,53,1","trzcinski,26,1","tsh,52,1","ttga,23,1","tty,38,2","tube,16,2,23,2,34,1,38,5","tuberculosis,4,1","tubes,7,1,8,1,34,1,38,2,46,6,117,1","tumor,16,1,38,16","tumors,38,9","tunnel,6,1,11,1","turkey,23,1","turn,10,1,36,1","turns,16,1,17,1","tw,106,1,123,1,128,1,129,1,140,1,141,1","twelve,22,1","twenty,9,1","twice,3,1,46,4,68,1","twin,22,3","twins,22,1","twitches,36,1","two,3,7,26,2,5,1,13,3,16,2,17,1,19,1,34,3,36,1,38,1,51,1,67,1,46,2,69,1,70,1,74,1","type,1,1,3,11,26,7,8,5,16,6,17,1,20,20,22,4,23,2,34,3,36,2,38,3,51,1,53,1,72,1,73,1,74,3,75,1,76,1,77,1,78,1,79,2,80,1,81,1,82,1,87,1,83,1,84,1,85,1,86,1,88,1,89,1,90,1,91,4,92,1,94,1,97,2,98,1,104,1,105,1,106,1,107,1,109,1,117,1,122,1,123,1,124,1,128,1,129,1,130,1,134,1,135,1,138,1,139,1,140,1,141,1","types,26,3,15,1,16,7,22,4,27,1,34,1,36,11,37,8,38,3,51,1,46,1,87,2,107,3,108,8","typical,8,1,13,1,23,1","typically,2,6,26,2,15,2,22,4,73,1,68,4","ucof,105,8","ucsd,87,2","ucsf,75,6","ulcer,69,1","ulcerations,69,1","ulcerative,6,1,27,1","ulcers,23,1,36,1,53,2","ultrasonography,38,2","ultrasound,5,1,38,7,67,2","umm,87,4","unabated,51,1","unable,68,2","unavailable,68,1","unbelievable,22,1","unchanged,14,1","uncircumcised,5,1","unclear,16,1,52,1","uncomfortable,10,1,16,1,38,1,53,1,64,1,68,1","uncommon,23,2","uncomplicated,34,1","unconciousness,51,1","unconsciousness,26,1","uncontrollable,22,1,36,1","uncontrolled,46,2","unconventional,16,1","uncover,67,2","undamaged,23,1","under,3,1,26,1,22,4,23,1,27,1,34,2,38,1,53,2,46,13,64,2,68,1,70,1","underdiagnosed,23,2","undergo,11,1,68,1","undergoes,15,1","underlying,22,2","understand,22,3,38,1,46,1,68,1","understandable,38,1","understanding,22,1,23,1,38,2,53,1,68,1","understands,67,1","understood,7,1","undiagnosed,23,1","uneasiness,36,1","unendurable,22,1","unexpected,23,1,36,3,51,1","unexpectedly,68,1","unexplained,23,1,67,4,70,1","unfiltered,51,1","unfortunate,36,1","unfortunately,53,1,67,3","unintended,22,1","uninteresting,22,1","union,53,1","unique,22,1","unit,38,1,67,1","united,26,9,19,5,23,3,46,1,90,1,97,1","university,22,2","unknown,1,1,26,1","unless,27,1,38,1","unlike,22,2,23,1","unnecessary,68,1","unnoticed,3,1","unobtrusive,16,1","unpleasant,34,1","unpredictability,68,1","unpredictable,53,1,68,1","unprotected,3,1,10,1,69,1","unquenchable,20,1","unquiet,22,1","unrealistic,22,1,36,1,53,1","unreality,68,2","unrefreshed,16,1","unrelenting,36,1","unremitting,22,1","unresponsive,23,2","unstable,16,1","unsteady,13,1,68,1","unsuccessful,16,1","until,3,2,8,1,15,2,17,1,22,1,23,2,34,1,67,1,46,1,70,1","untitled1,150,4","untreated,4,1,14,1,23,3,34,1,69,2","unusual,15,1,22,5,51,1,70,1,92,1","unusually,19,1","unwanted,36,3,38,1","update,22,1","updated,26,1,22,1,23,1,27,1","upholstery,26,1","upon,13,1,23,1","upper,16,1,36,1,38,2","upright,1,1","ups,3,1,22,5,92,1","upset,16,1,36,2,53,1","urchin,72,2,73,2,75,2,76,2,78,2,79,2,80,2,81,2,82,2,87,2,83,2,84,2,85,2,86,2,88,2,91,2,92,2,94,2,97,2,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arrFiles=new Array();arrFiles[0]=new Array(1,"index.html","2007-06-05","Symtoms.org - Medical Symptoms & Signs of Disease","food poisoning symptoms, herpes symptoms, hiv symptoms, fibromyalgia symptoms, bladder infection symptoms, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, preg","Symtoms - indication of illness felt by patient: an indication of a disease or other disorder, especially one experienced by the patient, e.g. pain, dizziness, or itching, as opposed to one observed by the doctor sign","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | Forum | Refer a Friend info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning symtoms Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Menopause Symptoms SDT Symptoms Stress Symptoms Hemorrhoids Symptoms Miscarriages Symptoms Panic Anxiety Attacks Syphilis Symtoms Blood Clot Symtoms Other links: Medical News GuestBook Forum Site Map Refer a Friend Medical Symtoms and Signs of Disease Chronic Fatique Syndrom: On this page: Primary Symptoms Other Symptoms What \'s the clinical course of CFS? Chronic fatigue syndrome can be misdiagnosed or overlooked because its symptoms are common to other many disorders. Fatigue, for instance, is found in hundreds of illnesses. The nature of the symptoms, however, can help distinguish CFS from other illnesses. Primary Symptoms As the name chronic fatigue syndrome suggests, this illness is accompanied by fatigue. However, it \'s not the kind of fatigue we experience after a particularly busy day or week, after a sleepless night or after a single stressful event. It \'s a severe, incapacitating fatigue that isn \'t improved by bed rest and that may be worsened by physical or mental activity. It \'s an all-encompassing fatigue that results in a dramatic decline in both activity level and stamina. People with CFS function at a significantly lower level of activity than they were capable of prior to becoming ill. The illness results in a substantial reduction in occupational (work-related), personal, social or educational activities. The fatigue of CFS is accompanied by characteristic symptoms lasting at least six months. These symptoms include: difficulties with memory and concentration problems with sleep persistent muscle pain joint pain (without redness or swelling) headaches tender lymph nodes increased malaise (fatigue and sickness) following exertion sore throat Other Symptoms The symptoms listed above are the symptoms used to diagnose this illness. However, many CFS patients may experience other symptoms, including: irritable bowel depression or psychological problems (irritability, mood swings, anxiety, panic attacks) chills and night sweats visual disturbances (blurring, sensitivity to light, eye pain) allergies or sensitivities to foods, odors, chemicals, medications or noise brain fog (feeling like you \'re in a mental fog) difficulty maintaining upright position, dizziness, balance problems or fainting It \'s important to tell your health care professional if you \'re experiencing any of these symptoms. They may be related to CFS, or they may indicate that you have another treatable disorder. Only a health care professional can diagnose CFS. What \'s the clinical course of CFS? The severity of CFS varies from patient to patient, with some people able to maintain fairly active lives. For most symptomatic patients, however, CFS significantly limits work, school and family activities. While symptoms vary from person to person in number, type and severity, all CFS patients are functionally impaired to some degree. CDC studies show that CFS can be as disabling as multiple sclerosis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, heart disease, end-stage renal disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and similar chronic conditions. CFS often follows a cyclical course, alternating between periods of illness and relative well-being. Some patients experience partial or complete remission of symptoms during the course of the illness, but symptoms often reoccur. This pattern of remission and relapse makes CFS especially hard for patients to manage. Patients who are in remission may be tempted to overdo activities when they \'re feeling better, which can actually cause a relapse. The percentage of CFS patients who recover is unknown, but there is some evidence to indicate that the sooner a person is treated, the better the chance of improvement. This means early diagnosis and treatment are important. Note: All information on Symtoms.org is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website Symtoms",24);arrFiles[1]=new Array(2,"Food_poisoning_symptoms.html","2007-05-31","Symtoms.org - Food Poisoning Symtoms","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","Food Poisoning Symtoms. typically begin several hours to several days after ingestion and depending on the agent involved, can include one or more of the following: nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting,","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Menopause Symptoms SDT Symptoms Stress Symptoms Hemorrhoids Symptoms Miscarriages Symptoms Panic Anxiety Attacks Syphilis Symtoms Other links: Medical News GuestBook Forum Site Map Refer a Friend Food Poisoning Symptoms Symptoms typically begin several hours to several days after ingestion and depending on the agent involved, can include one or more of the following: nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, gastroenteritis, fever, headache or fatigue. In most cases the body is able to permanently recover after a short period of acute discomfort and illness. However, foodborne illness can result in permanent health problems or even death, especially in babies, pregnant women (and their fetuses), elderly people, sick people and others with weak immune systems. Foodborne illness is a major cause of reactive arthritis, which typically occurs 1–3 weeks afterward. Similarly, people with liver disease are especially susceptible to infections from Vibrio vulnificus, which can be found in oysters or crabs. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",16);arrFiles[2]=new Array(3,"herpes_symptoms.html","2007-05-16","Symtoms.org - Genital Herpes Smptoms","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","Herpes Smptoms: What is herpes? Herpes is a very common infection caused by two different but closely related viruses — herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Both are easy to catch. They remain in the body for","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Menopause Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map Herpes Symptoms What is herpes? Herpes is a very common infection caused by two different but closely related viruses — herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Both are easy to catch. They remain in the body for life, and can produce symptoms that come and go. Both forms of herpes can infect the oral area, the genital area, or both. When the infection is on or near the mouth, it is called oral herpes. Oral herpes is caused most often by HSV-1. When herpes infection is on or near the sex organs, it is called genital herpes. Genital herpes is caused most often by HSV-2. How many people have herpes? Between 50 and 80 percent of American adults have HSV-1. And about 25 percent of American adults have HSV-2. Millions of people do not know they have herpes because they never had, or noticed, the symptoms. What are the symptoms of oral herpes? Cold sores or fever blisters usually show up on the lips or around the mouth. Sores may also show up inside the mouth, but this usually only happens the first time oral herpes symptoms appear. Symptoms may last a few weeks and go away. They may return in weeks, months, or years. They are annoying but usually harmless in children and adults. But cold sores can be very harmful to a newborn. What are the symptoms of genital herpes? Most people with genital herpes have no symptoms or have very mild symptoms that go unnoticed or are not recognized as being a sign of infection. The most common symptom is a cluster of blistery sores — usually on the vagina, vulva, cervix, penis, buttocks, or anus. Symptoms may last several weeks and go away. They may return in weeks, months, or years. The first episode of symptoms of a genital herpes infection is also called initial herpes. The symptoms of first episodes are usually more severe than later outbreaks. Symptoms may include blisters burning feelings if urine flows over sores inability to urinate if severe swelling of sores blocks the urethra itching open sores pain in the infected area Severe first episodes may have symptoms that include swollen, tender lymph glands in the groin, throat, and under the arms fever chills headache general run-down feelings achy, flu-like feelings H ow is herpes spread? Herpes is spread by touching, kissing, and sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. It can be passed from one partner to another and from one part of the body to another. Brief skin-to-skin contact is all that \'s needed to pass the virus. Because herpes may have no symptoms for years, sometimes it is very difficult to know who passed it to whom. Herpes is most contagious when sores are open and weeping — until the scabs heal and fall off. But herpes can also be spread when no symptoms are present — most people get genital herpes from people with no symptoms. And most people with oral herpes were infected as children. Mucous membranes of the mouth, vagina, penis, anus, and eyes can become infected with herpes easily. Skin can be infected if it is cut, chafed, or burned, or has a rash or other sores. How long does it take for sores to appear after a person gets infected? When there are symptoms, the first episode of herpes usually appears from two to 20 days after infection — but it may be years before the first symptoms appear. How long do sores last? The sores usually heal in about two to four weeks with the first episode of herpes symptoms. But the virus stays in the body. It can flare up and cause sores again. Symptoms from flare-ups usually heal in 10-14 days. Symptoms may be more painful and last longer in women or men with illnesses that weaken the immune system — like leukemia and HIV. What is a recurrence? When herpes flares up again, it is called a recurrence or outbreak. There may be some early warning signs before an outbreak occurs — tingling, burning, or itching where sores were before. The warning signs may start a few hours or a day before the sores flare up. When symptoms recur, they are usually not as severe. What causes a recurrence? Oral herpes recurrences may be caused by sunburn, injury to the lips, or other infections. No one is sure what causes genital herpes recurrences. Other infections, stress, surgery, menstruation, sexual intercourse, and skin irritations may bring on recurrences. Does herpes always recur? Recurrences are individual and vary. Some people rarely have them. Others have them often. Recurrences are most common in the first year after infection. Oral herpes caused by HSV-1 is much more likely to recur than oral herpes caused by HSV-2. Genital herpes caused by HSV-2 is much more likely to recur than genital herpes caused by HSV-1. Recurrences may be more frequent for people with weakened immune systems. How is herpes diagnosed? Only a clinician can diagnose herpes by performing a physical exam and tests. A blood test can tell if you are infected with HSV-1 or HSV-2 — even if you don \'t have symptoms. Clinicians can also confirm herpes infection by testing fluids taken from the sores. If you think you have herpes sores, see a clinician as soon as possible. It \'s important to be sure that the sores are herpes. Other serious sexually transmitted infections, like syphilis, may look like herpes but need different treatment. How can symptoms be relieved? Ongoing use of anti-herpes drugs is usually very effective in speeding up the healing of sores and in preventing recurrent outbreaks. Anti-herpes drugs are less effective when used to treat individual recurrent outbreaks, but they may be helpful to some people. Using these medicines only during outbreaks is called episodic therapy. Warm baths may give some relief of pain. Cotton clothes will help prevent chafing. Keep the sores dry — moisture can slow healing. Holding cool compresses or ice packs to the sores may be soothing. Aspirin, acetaminophen, or ibuprofen may help relieve pain and fever. Is there a way to prevent recurrences? People who have herpes may consider taking anti-herpes drugs to help reduce the frequency and duration of recurrences. They are most effective in people with frequent outbreaks. Daily use of these medicines is called suppressive therapy. A good diet, enough rest and sleep, and effective stress management may help prevent herpes recurrences. Is there a cure for herpes? No. However, in most cases outbreaks become fewer and weaker over the course of a few years. How can people prevent spreading herpes to others? There are three main ways to prevent spreading genital herpes. Stop having sexual contact as soon as you feel warning signs of an outbreak. Do not have vaginal, anal, or oral sex — even with a condom. Wait until seven days after the sore heals. The virus can spread from sores not covered by the condom. It can also spread in sweat or vaginal fluids to places the condom doesn \'t cover. Use condoms between outbreaks to reduce the risk of transmission. Take anti-herpes drugs. The risk of transmission can be greatly reduced if the partner with herpes takes a small daily dose of anti-herpes medication. Touching any type of herpes sore may spread the virus from one partner to another or from part of the body to another, especially during initial herpes. If you have herpes sores Don \'t touch the sores. If you do, wash your hands with soap and water — this kills the virus. Wash your hands after going to the bathroom before rubbing your eyes before touching a contact lens Don \'t wet contact lenses with saliva — especially if you have oral herpes. If you have a cold sore on your mouth, don \'t kiss anyone — especially infants, children, or pregnant women. What happens if a woman is pregnant and has herpes? Most women who have herpes don \'t need to worry. Rarely does a woman with recurrent herpes pass the infection on to her newborn. The greatest danger for the fetus is during delivery if a woman is having her first episode of genital herpes. In some of these rare cases, contact with herpes sores can lead to a severe, life-threatening infection for the baby. If herpes sores are present when a woman begins labor, a cesarean section can be done to avoid infecting the newborn. Very rarely is a fetus infected earlier in pregnancy. What can a woman do to prevent her newborn from getting herpes? The most important thing a woman can do is to avoid becoming infected with herpes during pregnancy. A woman and her partner may want to consider herpes testing if the woman has never had genital herpes symptoms and if her partner has a history of genital herpes or if she has any concerns about being exposed. If a pregnant woman does not have genital herpes but her partner is infected, they should avoid unprotected oral, vaginal, and anal sex. An infected partner may also want to consider suppressive therapy throughout the woman \'s pregnancy to reduce the risk of passing the infection. A pregnant woman should work with her clinician to plan the best care for herself and her baby. Discuss any concerns you may have about herpes and pregnancy with your clinician. Is there any connection between herpes and AIDS? Yes. Studies show that all sexually transmitted infections can increase the risk of getting HIV. People with genital herpes have at least twice the risk of becoming infected with HIV if exposed to it than people without infection. And people with HIV and genital herpes are more likely to pass HIV to their partners than people without genital herpes. Where can I get more information about herpes? Many Planned Parenthood ® health centers have support groups for people living with herpes. Call toll-free 1-800-230-PLAN to reach the nearest Planned Parenthood health center. The American Social Health Association sponsors a program that assists people with herpes — the Herpes Resource Center. It publishes a quarterly newsletter, operates a telephone hotline, and organizes help groups. For more information: Herpes Resource Center American Social Health Association Resource Center P.O. Box 13827 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 Herpes Hotline 1-919-361-8488 www.ashastd.org/hrc/ More resources: International Herpes Resource Center www.herpesresourcecenter.com C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",30);arrFiles[3]=new Array(4,"Hiv_symptoms.html","2007-06-05","Symtoms.org - HIV Symtoms","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","The first symtoms of HIV infection can resemble symptoms of common cold or flu viruses. The symptoms of early infection can also be similar to the symptoms of other sexually transmitted diseases and other infections such as "mono" or hepatitis,","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis pay per click Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Menopause Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map What are the symptoms of HIV infection? How can I tell if I have HIV? The first symptoms of HIV infection can resemble symptoms of common cold or flu viruses. The symptoms of early infection can also be similar to the symptoms of other sexually transmitted diseases and other infections such as mono or hepatitis, which are much more commonly and more easily transmitted. Stress and anxiety can also produce symptoms in some people, even though they do not have HIV. Some people who contract HIV experience very strong symptoms, but others experience none at all. Those who do have symptoms generally experience fever, fatigue, and, often, rash. Other common symptoms can include headache, swollen lymph nodes, and sore throat. These symptoms can occur within days or weeks of the initial exposure to the virus during a period called primary or acute HIV infection. Because of the nonspecific symptoms associated with primary or acute HIV infection, symptoms are not a reliable way to diagnose HIV infection. Testing for HIV antibodies is the only way to know whether you have been infected; however, the HIV antibody test only works after the infected person \'s immune system develops antibodies to HIV. During the window period between the initial infection and the period in which antibodies are detectable (which can be from 2 weeks to 6 months, but is usually 3 months), standard HIV testing is ineffective. If you are concerned that you may have recently acquired HIV and have symptoms described above, see a doctor. A doctor or other health care professional can help determine whether you may be infected with HIV or another infection. If HIV infection is suspected, he or she may perform a Polymerase Chain Reaction (commonly called PCR) test to determine whether HIV is present in the blood. Once the primary or acute infection is over, most people do not experience any visible symptoms for another 8-10 years. Left untreated, the immune system becomes increasingly weaker and the disease progresses to AIDS. The next symptoms experienced by individuals infected with the virus are often associated with the opportunistic infections that target individuals with AIDS such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and toxoplasmosis. How can I tell if someone else has HIV? There is no way to know for sure if someone else has HIV. Many people with HIV look perfectly healthy. Other people who are sick with HIV may have symptoms that are identical to other common illnesses. You cannot tell by looking whether someone is HIV positive. The only way to know for sure is if someone tells you. It is important to consider how well you know someone and how much you trust them when talking about sex and HIV. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",19);arrFiles[4]=new Array(5,"bladder_infection_symptoms.html","2007-05-15","Symtoms.org - Bladder Infection Symtoms","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","Bladder Infection Symtoms What is it? A bladder infection is an inflammation of the urinary bladder. The inner lining of the bladder becomes inflamed, and the urine becomes full of bacteria.","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map Bladder Infection Synptoms What is it? A bladder infection is an inflammation of the urinary bladder. The inner lining of the bladder becomes inflamed, and the urine becomes full of bacteria. Who gets it? Bladder infections are more common among women than men because of their shorter urethra, making it easer for bacteria from the anus or genital area to reach the bladder. Bladder infections often occur in young women who have just become sexually active and have sexual intercourse often. In addition, bladder infections can occur anytime the flow of urine is blocked or emptying of the bladder is incomplete due to an enlarged prostate in men or pregnancy in women. What causes it? Bacteria that have traveled up the urethra and into the bladder usually cause bladder infections. The most common bacteria associated with bladder infections in women include Escherichia coli (about eighty percent of cases), Staphylococcus saprophyticus , Klebsiella, Enterobacter , and Proteus species. Risk factors include sexual intercourse, use of a diaphragm for birth control, an abnormally short urethra, diabetes or chronic dehydration, the absence of a specific enzyme in vaginal secretions, inadequate personal hygiene and pregnancy. In males, bladder infections are often the result of kidney complications or prostate infections. Bladder infections in men are most likely to be caused by E. coli or another gram-negative bacterium. What are the symptoms? Symptoms of a bladder infection in both men and women include painful urination, a sudden strong desire to urinate, an increase in the frequency of urination, cloudy urine that spells bad, and blood in the urine. Large quantities of blood in the urine may be caused by an acute bladder infection. Many patients also experience fever, pain in the lower back, nausea and vomiting and shaking chills. How is it diagnosed? To diagnose a bladder infection, the doctor will examine the patient and may test both the blood and urine. A laboratory test of the urine will reveal if bacteria is present, which usually indicates infection. The doctor may also examine the patient’s abdomen and lower back to check for bladder or kidney enlargements. Female patients may also require a pelvic examination. Female patients with a reoccurring infection may also be given an ultrasound test of the kidneys and bladder to check for structural abnormalities. What is the treatment? Bladder infections are usually easily treated with antibiotics to kill the bacteria and prevent the spread of infection to the kidneys. Treatment for women is usually short-term; most patients respond within three days. Men do not respond as well to short-term treatment and may require seven to ten days of oral antibiotics. The doctor may also prescribe Pyridium, a medicine that helps reduce the pain and spasm of the bladder during the first couple of days. Over fifty percent of older men with a bladder infection also suffer from infection of the prostate gland, so the doctor will treat that with antibiotics as well. A minority of women with complicated bladder infections may require surgical treatment to prevent recurrent infections. Surgery is also used to treat reflux problems (movement of the urine backwards) or other anatomical abnormalities in males. The patient may be asked to provide another sample of urine to be tested after all antibiotics have been take to make sure the infection is gone. Prompt treatment of a bladder infection with antibiotics usually controls the infection and relieves the symptoms in a day or two. Self-care tips To prevent another bladder infection, the female patient should drink large amounts of fluid, urinate frequently and empty the bladder each time, particularly after intercourse, and properly clean the area around the urethra. Female patients should also wipe from front to back after a bowel movement and wash the genital area after each bath or shower. In males, the primary preventive measure is prompt treatment of prostate infections, drinking large amounts of fluid and frequently emptying the bladder. Men, especially if uncircumcised, should always wash the penis (gently pulling back the foreskin) during bathing. This information has been designed as a comprehensive and quick reference guide written by our health care reviewers. The health information written by our authors is intended to be a supplement to the care provided by your physician. It is not intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",21);arrFiles[5]=new Array(6,"indexold.html","2007-06-02","www.symtoms.org","","Symtoms.org medical information","SYMTOMS.ORG www.symtoms.org is coming soon. Food poisoning symtoms herpes symtoms hiv symtoms Fibromyalgia symtoms bladder infection symtoms endometriosis symtoms kidney infection symtoms diverticulitis symtoms yeast infection symtoms ms symtoms std symtoms pregnancy symtoms sleep apnea symtoms pink eye symtoms ovarian cyst symtoms cystic fibrosis symtoms diabetes symtoms symtoms of bipolar disorder celiac disease symtoms allergy symtoms ibs symtoms urinary tract infection symtoms anxiety symtoms pancreatic cancer symtoms asthma symtoms symtoms of dehydration stress symtoms hemorrhoids symtoms miscarriage symtoms panic attack symtoms syphilis symtoms blood clot symtoms Comming soon... irritable bowel syndrome symtoms salmonella symtoms carpal tunnel symtoms hpv symtoms high blood pressure symtoms prostate cancer symtoms symtoms of depression vertigo symtoms colon cancer symtoms cancer symtoms anxiety attack symtoms sign symtoms lyme disease symtoms low blood pressure symtoms aids symtoms liver damage symtoms ocd symtoms heart attack symtoms black mold symtoms menopause symtoms uti symtoms sinus infection symtoms liver disease symtoms stroke symtoms adhd symtoms hiv aids symtoms migraine symtoms dementia symtoms bipolar symtoms symtoms of blood clots angina symtoms medical symtoms diagnosis post traumatic stress disorder symtoms symtoms of kidney stones candida symtoms graves disease symtoms colitis symtoms food poison symtoms lexapro withdrawal symtoms flu symtoms symtoms of alcohol poisoning obsessive compulsive disorder symtoms breast cancer symtoms parvo symtoms prostatitis symtoms bird flu symtoms ulcerative colitis symtoms epilepsy symtoms testicular cancer symtoms kidney cancer symtoms e coli symtoms early pregnancy symtoms shingles symtoms lupus symtoms sign symtoms of fibromyalgia kennel cough symtoms schizophrenia symtoms glaucoma symtoms narcissism symtoms autism symtoms feline leukemia symtoms carbon monoxide poisoning symtoms early hiv symtoms diverticulosis symtoms hepatitis c symtoms multiple sclerosis symtoms www.symtoms.org",7);arrFiles[6]=new Array(7,"endrometriosis_symptoms.html","2007-05-23","Symtoms.org - Endrometriosis Symtoms","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","What are endometriosis symtoms? Most women who have endometriosis, in fact, do not have symptoms. Of those who do experience symptoms, the common symptoms are pain (usually pelvic) and infertility.","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map What are endometriosis symptoms? Most women who have endometriosis, in fact, do not have symptoms. Of those who do experience symptoms, the common symptoms are pain (usually pelvic) and infertility. Pelvic pain usually occurs during or just before menstruation and lessens after menstruation. Some women experience pain or cramping with intercourse, bowel movements and/or urination. Even pelvic examination by a doctor can be painful. The pain intensity can change from month to month, and vary greatly among women. Some women experience progressive worsening of symptoms, while others can have resolution of pain without treatment. Pelvic pain in women with endometriosis depends partly on where the implants of endometriosis are located. Deeper implants and implants in areas with many pain-sensing nerves may be more likely to produce pain. The implants may produce substances that circulate in the bloodstream and cause pain. Lastly, pain can result when endometriosis implants form scars. There is no relationship between severity of pain and how widespread the endometriosis is (the stage of endometriosis). Endometriosis can be one of the reasons for infertility in otherwise healthy couples. When laparoscopic examinations are performed for infertility evaluations, endometrial implants can be found in some of these patients, many of whom may not have painful symptoms of endometriosis. The reasons for a decrease in fertility are not completely understood, but might be due to both anatomic and hormonal factors. The presence of endometriosis may involve masses of tissue or scarring (adhesions) within the pelvis that may distort normal anatomical structures, such as Fallopian tubes, which transport the eggs from the ovaries. Alternatively, endometriosis may affect fertility through the production of hormones and other substances that have a negative effect on ovulation, fertilization of the egg, and/or implantation of the embryo. Other symptoms related to endometriosis include lower abdominal pain, diarrhea and/or constipation, low back pain, irregular or heavy menstrual bleeding, or even blood in the urine. Rare symptoms of endometriosis include chest pain or coughing blood due to endometriosis in the lungs, headache and/or seizures due to endometriosis in the brain. Source: Medicinenet.com C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",18);arrFiles[7]=new Array(8,"kidney_infection_symptoms.html","2007-05-15","Symtoms.org - kidney infection Symtoms & Signs of Disease","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","Kidney Infection Symtoms. Kidney infection (pyelonephritis) is a specific type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that generally begins in your urethra or bladder and travels up into your kidneys.","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map Kidney Infection Medical Symptoms and Signs of Disease Kidney infection (pyelonephritis) is a specific type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that generally begins in your urethra or bladder and travels up into your kidneys. If not treated properly, kidney infection can permanently damage your kidneys or spread to your bloodstream and cause a life-threatening infection. Prompt medical attention is required. Your urinary system is composed of your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. All play a role in removing waste from your body. Your kidneys filter waste from your blood, adjust blood levels of many substances, and conserve or excrete water from your system depending on your body \'s needs. Tubes called ureters carry urine from your kidneys to the bladder, where it \'s stored until it exits your body through the urethra. Kidney infection usually begins when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and then start to multiply. Kidney infection can occur through your bloodstream, although this is rare. Antibiotics are the typical treatment for kidney infection. You can take a number of steps to help prevent a kidney infection in the first place. Signs and symptoms Kidney infection may cause one or more of these signs and symptoms: Frequent urination Strong, persistent urge to urinate Burning sensation or pain when urinating Abdominal pain or pressure Cloudy urine with a strong odor Pus or blood in your urine (hematuria) Inability to urinate (urine retention) Need to urinate during the night (nocturia) Back, side (flank) or groin pain Fever Severe kidney infection also may involve: High fever — body temperature of 101 F (38.3 C) or greater Shaking chills Night sweats Extreme fatigue Nausea or vomiting Confusion In infants and young children, signs and symptoms of kidney infection may include: Irritability Loss of appetite Loose bowel movements New episodes of bed-wetting (enuresis) In older adults, mental changes, such as confusion, sometimes are the only signs of kidney infection. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",19);arrFiles[8]=new Array(9,"Diverticulitis_symptoms.html","2007-05-15","Symtoms.org - Diverticulitis Symtoms & Signs of Disease","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","Diverticulitis (Diverticulosis) Symtoms. Most patients with diverticulosis have few or no symptoms. The diverticulosis condition in these individuals is found incidentally during tests for other intestinal problems.","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map Diverticulitis (Diverticulosis) Symptoms and Signs of Disease Most patients with diverticulosis have few or no symptoms. The diverticulosis condition in these individuals is found incidentally during tests for other intestinal problems. Twenty percent of patients with diverticulosis condition will develop symptoms related to diverticulosis. The most common symptoms of diverticular disease include abdominal cramping, constipation, diarrhea and bloating. These symptoms are related to difficulty of passing stool along the left colon narrowed by diverticular disease. More serious complications include diverticulitis, collection of pus (abscess) in the pelvis, colon obstruction, generalized infection of the abdominal cavity (bacterial peritonitis), and bleeding in the colon. A diverticulum can become infected with bacteria and ruptures, causing diverticulitis. Fever, and pain and tenderness of the lower left abdomen are common symptoms. Constipation or diarrhea may also occur. A collection of pus can develop around the inflamed diverticulum, leading to formation of an abscess, usually in the pelvis. On rare occasions, the inflamed diverticula can erode into the urinary bladder, causing bladder infection and passing of gas during urination. Inflammation in the colon can also lead to bowel obstruction. Infrequently, a diverticulum ruptures freely into the abdominal cavity causing a life threatening infection called peritonitis. Diverticular bleeding occurs when stool erodes into a blood vessel at the base of a diverticulum. Rectal passage of red, dark or maroon-colored blood and clots occur without any associated abdominal pain. Rarely, blood may be black in those bleeding from a diverticulum of the right colon. Bleeding may be continuous or intermittent, lasting several days. Patients with active bleeding are usually hospitalized for monitoring. Intravenous fluids are given to support the blood pressure. Blood transfusions are necessary for those with moderate to severe blood loss. In a rare individual with brisk and severe bleeding, blood pressure can drop, causing dizziness, shock, and loss of consciousness. In most patients, bleeding stops spontaneously and they are sent home after several days in the hospital. Patients with persistent, severe bleeding require surgical removal of the bleeding diverticula. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",18);arrFiles[9]=new Array(10,"Yeast_infection_symptoms.html","2007-05-15","Symtoms.org - Yeast Infection Symtoms & Signs of Disease","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","Yeast Infection Symtoms. It’s possible that you’d been experiencing itching in the vagina for quite some time now, but had been ignoring it, thinking it’d go away on its own.","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map Yeast Infection Symptoms and Signs of Disease It’s possible that you’d been experiencing itching in the vagina for quite some time now, but had been ignoring it, thinking it’d go away on its own. But, there is every likelihood that it’ll soon turn to burning and slowly creep to the vulva, the skin surrounding the vagina. Before you press the panic button and start thinking the worst, take comfort in the fact that it may only be yeast infection. Most yeast infections begin this way and are a common occurrence. Almost three-fourths of women can expect it some time in their lives. However, this infection is not confined to women alone, it infects men too. So, let’s see what are the signs and symptoms of yeast infection. Defining yeast infection Yeast infection is most commonly caused by a fungus called Candida albicans. In women, it’s already present in small amounts inside the vagina, but does not cause the infection, because of the acidic environment that helps keep yeast from growing. If the vagina becomes less acidic, yeast multiplies causing vaginal infection. This change in acidic balance can be caused by menstruation, pregnancy, diabetes, some antibiotics, birth control pills and steroids. Moisture and irritation of the vagina also seem to encourage yeast growth. Symptoms of yeast infection Of course, the symptoms of female yeast infection will certainly differ from male yeast infection symptoms. Candida yeast infection symptoms are most commonly displayed in teenage girls and women between the ages of sixteen and thirty-five, although it can occur in younger girls and older women too. However, the vaginal yeast infection symptoms remain, more or less, the same. The symptoms experienced may be: a. Vaginal irritation: This generally appears at the onset of yeast infection. b. Vaginal itching: It can vary from light to severe and may also affect the area around the vagina. c. Vaginal burning: This is chronic yeast infection symptom and can be accompanied by swelling of the vulva and painful urination. This condition can get so bad, as to prevent you from walking, let alone riding a bike. d. Vaginal discharge: This may appear in the form of thick white or whitish-gray, cottage-cheese-like discharge. It can also be watery in consistency and can range from thick and not clumpy to faintly yellow to thin and clear. e. Vaginal discharge smell: Vaginal discharge is generally odorless, but can smell like bread or beer, since yeast is used in their preparation, although the species used in brewing and baking is Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Since, no bacteria smell like that, it \'s a great diagnostic! f. Painful sexual intercourse: Women suffering from yeast infection generally experience p ain during sexual intercourse. Yeast infection symptom in man generally appears as penile infection, but is rarer. Although, it can be contracted through unprotected sex with an infected person, you don \'t have to be sexually active to get it. Although, yeast infection is a common problem, especially amongst women, you need to remain on guard, as the reason can be other infections, like bacterial and urinary tract infections and trichomoniasis. Yeast infection can be very uncomfortable, but is usually not serious. If you suspect your symptoms to be that of yeast infection, see your physician immediately. He’ll examine you to make sure the cause of symptom is yeast infection. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",21);arrFiles[10]=new Array(11,"fibromyalgia_symptoms.html","2007-05-15","Symtoms.org - Fibromyaglia Symtoms","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","What are Fibromyglia symtoms? In fibromyalgia, generalized, widespread muscular pain and tender points may be present. Pain is generally felt all over, although it may start in one region, such as the neck and shoulders, and seems to spread over a period","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map What are Fibromyglia symptoms? In fibromyalgia, generalized, widespread muscular pain and tender points may be present. Pain is generally felt all over, although it may start in one region, such as the neck and shoulders, and seems to spread over a period of time. Fibromyalgia pain has been described in a variety of ways including: burning, radiating, gnawing, sore, stiff, and aching. It often varies according to time of the day, activity level, weather, sleep patterns, and stress levels. Most people with fibromyalgia say that some degree of pain is always present. They sense that the pain is mainly in their muscles and often note that fibromyalgia feels like a persistent flu. About 90 percent of people with fibromyalgia describe moderate or severe fatigue with lack of energy, decreased exercise endurance, or the kind of exhaustion felt with the flu or with lack of sleep. Often the fatigue is more of a problem and more troubling than the pain. Generally, people with fibromyalgia wake up feeling tired, even after sleeping throughout the night. They may be aware that their sleep has become lighter and that they wake up during the night. Scientific studies have demonstrated that most people with fibromyalgia have an abnormal sleep pattern, especially an interruption in their deep sleep. The fatigue in fibromyalgia is similar to that in another condition called chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Some people with fibromyalgia have symptoms of CFS, and vice versa. For example, many people with CFS have the tender points and symptoms considered to be diagnostic of fibromyalgia. Changes in mood and thinking are common in fibromyalgia. Many individuals feel blue or down, although only about 25 percent are truly depressed at the time of diagnosis, many people with fibromyalgia have a personal history of depression or anxiety at some time in their life. Mood disorders share many similar symptoms with fibromyalgia and vice versa. There is evidence that some people with fibromyalgia have a history of abuse or neglect during their life as well. It is not clear yet what role these issues might play in the development and continuation of fibromyalgia but these are important things to discuss with your health care provider since addressing such issues may help reduce the symptoms of fibromyalgia and help the person affected cope with the illness. As with other chronic illnesses, people with fibromyalgia may report difficulty concentrating or performing simple mental tasks. There is no evidence that these problems become more serious. Similar problems have been noted in many people with sleep disturbances of all kinds or with mood changes. People with fibromyalgia may have feelings of numbness and tingling in their hands, arms, feet, legs, or sometimes in their face. These feelings can suggest other disorders such as carpal tunnel syndrome, neuritis, or even multiple sclerosis. Therefore, people with fibromyalgia often undergo numerous tests for such conditions, only to find that the test results are normal. Headaches, especially muscular (tension) and migraine headaches, are common in fibromyalgia. Abdominal pain, bloating, and alternating constipation and diarrhea are also common. This may resemble irritable bowel syndrome or spastic colon. Similar bladder spasms and irritability may cause urinary urgency or frequency. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",19);arrFiles[11]=new Array(12,"medical_news.html","2007-06-02","Symtoms.org - Medical News & Signs of Disease","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Menopause Symptoms SDT Symptoms Stress Symptoms Hemorrhoids Symptoms Miscarriages Symptoms Panic Anxiety Attacks Syphilis Symtoms Blood Clot Symtoms Other links: Medical News GuestBook Site Map Medical news C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",23);arrFiles[12]=new Array(13,"ms_symptoms.html","2007-05-15","Symtoms.org - MS Symtoms Treatment information","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","Symtoms of MS or Multiple Sclerosis. Common symtoms of MS include fatigue, weakness, spasticity, balance problems, bladder and bowel problems, numbness, vision loss, tremors and depression.","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map Symptoms of MS or Multiple Sclerosis Common symptoms of MS include fatigue, weakness, spasticity, balance problems, bladder and bowel problems, numbness, vision loss, tremors and depression. Not all symptoms affect all MS patients. No two persons have the same complaints; no one develops all of the symptoms. Symptoms may be persistent or may cease from time to time. Most patients have episodic patterns of attacks and remissions throughout the disease course. Symptoms may remit completely, leaving no residual damage, or partially leaving degrees of permanent impairment. Because the symptoms that define the clinical picture of MS are the result of nerve lesions causing disturbances in electrical conduction in one or more areas of the CNS, the nature of the symptoms that occur is determined by the location of the lesion. For example: an optic nerve lesion may cause blurred vision; a brain stem lesion may cause dizziness or double vision; a spinal cord lesion may cause coordination/balance problems. Depending on the location of the lesion, the MS patient may experience the following signs & symptoms: LESION LOCATION: SIGNS/SYMPTOMS: Cerebrum & Cerebellum Balance problems, speech problems, coordination, tremors Motor nerve tracts Muscle weakness, spasticity paralysis, vision problems, bladder, bowel problems Sensory nerve tract Altered sensation, numbness, prickling, burning sensation The following list of symptoms followed by typical courses of treatment, are not the only symptoms to affect those with MS. These symptoms may be intermittent or persistent. Not all of these symptoms affect all patients. Fatigue: The most common complaint of MS patients is fatigue. Occurs in as many as 78% of patients, usually in the late afternoon and often subsides in the early evening. Modifying activities, occupational therapy, and medications. Numbness, Tingling, Burning Sensations: Sensory complaints occur in up to 55% of patients and are often the earliest symptoms of MS. Disturbances of feeling in the extremities or the trunk such as tingling, crawling sensations, feelings of swelling or numbness. Numbness also depends upon its cause. If severe neurological damage to the myelin sheath takes place, then numbness may remain. Medication, exercise, healthy diet, body cooling, acupuncture, or pointed pressure therapy. Tremors: Shaking or trembling of a limb or occasionally the head. Up to 50% report extremity ataxia (shaky movements or unsteady gait) or tremors. Tremors may come and go. This symptom of MS impairs mobility and often is associated with difficulty in balance and coordination. Exercises, physical therapy, occupational therapy, adaptive equipment, and medications. Balance/Coordination: Gait and balance disturbances are common with MS. Balance problems without vertigo may be more constant, causing the person to sway or stagger. Exercises, physical therapy, occupational therapy. Depression: As in most cases with the onset of an illness, depression is a frequent reaction. MS-related lethargy and fatigue may also be mistaken for depression or heighten its effects. Medications, counseling, and alternative treatment options. Spasticity: Occurs with the initial attack of MS in up to 41% of patients and is present in about 62% of patients with progressive disease. Occurs when opposing groups of muscles contract and relax at the same time. When spasticity is present, the increased stiffness in the muscles means that a great deal of energy is required to perform daily activities. Exercise, stretching, physical therapy, mechanical aids, and medications. Bladder: Increased frequency of urination, urgency, dribbling, hesitancy, and incontinence. Modifying activities, catheterization, and medications. Bowel: Constipation, diarrhea and incontinence. Dysfunction occurs in almost two thirds of patients during the disease course. Diet management, adequate fluid intake, and medications. Vision Loss: Rarely involves both eyes simultaneously, usually starts with blurred vision followed by vision loss from 20/20 to 20/30 to 20/40. Medications, eye patch. Cognitive and Emotional Dysfunction: Affects approximately 50% of MS patients. Involves memory, reasoning, verbal fluency and speed of information processing. Emotional changes include euphoria, depression. Memory problems are fairly common among people with MS. Memory and reasoning problems may affect between two thirds and three fourths of those diagnosed with MS to varying degrees. Consider other issues that may lead to memory problems such as depression, other illnesses, and normal absent-mindedness. If memory loss is a constant problem, there are certain mnemonic exercises that may help or, consult a physician. Some treatments may be available to enhance cognitive functioning. Sexual Difficulties: More than 90% of men and 70% of women with MS report some change in their sexual life after the onset of the disease. Some problems include decreased sexual drive, impaired sensation, diminished orgasmic response, and loss of sexual interest. Good communication between partners, counseling, medications. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",26);arrFiles[13]=new Array(14,"STD_symptoms.html","2007-05-19","Symtoms.org - STD Sexually transmitted Diseases Symtoms","STD symtoms, food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std sympt","STD Symtoms. CHLAMYDIA: affects women and men. Most women and some men have no symptoms. Symptoms show up 7-28 days after having sex.","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms SDT Symptoms Stress Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES - STD SYMPTOMS CHLAMYDIA : Chlamydia affects women and men. Most women and some men have no symptoms. Symptoms show up 7-28 days after having sex. WOMEN: Discharge from the vagina Bleeding from the vagina between periods Burning or pain when you urinate (pee) Pain in abdomen, sometimes with fever and nausea MEN: Watery, white drip from the penis Burning or pain when you urinate Need to urinate (pee) more often Swollen or tender testicle *If not treated: you can give chlamydia to your sexual partner(s); it can lead to more serious infection; reproductive organs can be damaged; women, and possibly men, may no longer be able to have children; and a mother can give it to her baby during childbirth. GENITAL WARTS (HPV) : Symptoms show up 1-8 months after contact with HPV, the virus that causes genital warts. Symptoms may be small, bumpy warts on the sex organs and anus or itching or burning around the sex organs. After warts go away, the virus sometimes stays in the body, and the warts can come back. *If not treated, you can give genital warts to your sexual partner(s). Warts may go away without treatment, remain unchanged, or grow and spread. A mother with warts can give them to her baby during childbirth. GONORRHEA : Symptoms show up 0-21 days after having sex. Most women and men have NO symptoms. WOMEN: Thick yellow or white discharge from the vagina Burning or pain when you urinate (pee) or have a bowel movement Abnormal periods of bleeding between periods MEN: Thick yellow or white drip from the penis Burning or pain when you urinate or have a bowel movement Need to urinate (pee) more often *If not treated, you can give gonorrhea to your sexual partner(s). It can lead to more serious infections. Reproductive organs can be damaged. Both men and women may no longer be able to have children. A mother can give it to her baby during childbirth, and can cause heart trouble, skin disease, arthritis and blindness. HEPATITIS B : Symptoms show up 1-9 months after contact with the Hepatitis B virus. Many people have no symptoms or mild symptoms. Others may have flu-like feelings that don \'t go away, tiredness, jaundice (yellow skin), dark urine, or light-colored bowel movements. *If not treated, you can give Hepatitis B to your sexual partner(s) or someone you share a needle with. Some people recover completely. Some people cannot be cured. Symptoms may go away, but they can still give Hepatitis B to others. It can cause permanent liver damage, and a mother can give it to her baby during childbirth. HERPES: Symptoms show up 1-30 days or longer after having sex. Some people have no symptoms. Some people may have flu-like symptoms, small, painful blisters on the sex organs or mouth, or itching or burning before the blisters appear. Blisters last 1-3 weeks. Blisters go away, but you still have herpes. Blisters can come back. *You can give Herpes to your sexual partner(s). Herpes cannot be cured. A mother with herpes can give it to her baby during childbirth. HIV/AIDS : Visit the HIV/AIDS site for more information. SYPHILIS: 1st stage (Primary Syphilis) - a person reaches the first stage of syphilis 10-90 days after contact with an infected person, average 3 weeks. A painless, reddish-brown sore or sores appear usually on the mouth, sex organs, breasts or fingers. Sore lasts 1-5 weeks, average 3 weeks, and goes away even without treatment. Without treatment, you still have syphilis. Syphilis can be given to your sex partner(s) during this time. 2nd stage (Secondary Syphilis) - Symptoms show up from 0-10 weeks, average 4 weeks, after the primary sore heals. Symptoms last 2-6 weeks, average 4 weeks. Symptoms vary from person to person, but generally include one or more of the following: generalized body rash, hair loss, spots on the hands and feet, sores on the face or body, moist wart-like growths in the vaginal area, flu-like symptoms. Symptoms will go away without treatment, but without treatment, you still have syphilis. Syphilis can be given to your sex partner(s) during this time. Early Latent Syphilis- When a person has had syphilis for less than a year, does not have symptoms, and has not been treated. Late Latent Syphilis- When a person has had untreated syphilis for more than a year * If not treated, a mother can give syphilis to her baby during pregnancy or have a miscarriage. Syphilis can cause heart disease, brain damage, blindness, and death. Note: All information on Symtoms.org is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",23);arrFiles[14]=new Array(15,"pregnancy_symptoms.html","2007-05-15","Symtoms.org - Pregnancy Symtoms & Early Signs","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","Pregnancy Symtoms by Trimester. Different women experience pregnancy in different ways. Pregnancy symptoms may vary in intensity and duration - and some women may not experience some common pregnancy symptoms at all.","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map Pregnancy Symptoms by Trimester Different women experience pregnancy in different ways. Pregnancy symptoms may vary in intensity and duration - and some women may not experience some common pregnancy symptoms at all. Following implantation of the egg, however, the body undergoes many changes, and the levels of several hormones increase drastically. Pregnancy symptoms typically do not appear until 1-2 weeks after you miss your period - and fetal movement is not typically detected until 16 weeks post-conception. Earliest symptoms include: Implantation bleeding 8-10 days after ovulation. An elevated BBT temperatures for 18 days. A missed menstrual period. Even before your missed period, you can test for pregnancy with early detection pregnancy tests that allow you to determine a positive result as early as 7-10 days past ovulation. The First Trimester: Week 1 - Week 12 Lower abdominal cramps. Food cravings. Nausea or Morning sickness - 3-10 weeks after conception. Tender, swollen breasts - 3-4 weeks after conception. Your nipples and the area around the nipples get darker and wider. Frequent urination. Fatigue and tiredness - 3-10 weeks after conception. You may have heartburn and constipation - along with headaches. Mood swings. Other Early Symptoms of Pregnancy in Detail Cravings for Particular Foods Desiring particular or unusual types of food is a well known pregnancy symptom. About 85 percent of women report at least one food craving during pregnancy. Implantation Cramping and Spotting Following ovulation by 8 days, women may experience cramping and slight spotting - caused by the recent implantation of the egg in the uterine lining. Frequent Urination Following implantation, frequent urination is a common symptom. Fatigue, Headaches, and Heartburn - and Morning Sickness For many women, early symptoms of pregnancy can be a bit perturbing. Fatigue is common, as are headaches and heartburn. And then there is morning sickness - the second most well know pregnancy symptoms after food cravings. Increases in progesterone can also cause feelings of tiredness. Basal Body Temperature If you are charting your Basal Body Temperature, and your BBT remains high - and continues to remain high for 15 days or more without a period - this is a clear symptom of pregnancy. hCG Testing Home Pregnancy Tests are available online and at your drugstore. A positive result will confirm your suspicions! Some FDA approved tests (available online) allow you to determine pregnancy as early as 7-10 days past ovulation. The Second Trimester: Week 13 - Week 26 Here is what you can expect to experience during your second trimester. Weight gain - and, after 16 weeks, fetal movement! Dryness of the skin on the stomach. Feelings of tightness. Breasts become larger. Continued heartburn and constipation. Edema - or the swelling of your ankles, hands, feet, and face. A dark line may appear between your belly and pubic regions. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",21);arrFiles[15]=new Array(16,"sleep_apnea_symptoms.html","2007-05-15","Symtoms.org - Sleep Apnea Symtoms","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","Sleep Apnea: Sleep Apnea Symtoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment. 90% of people who have sleep apnea don’t know that they have it. Usually it is the bed partner who first notices that the person is struggling to breathe during sleep. Diagnosis an","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map Sleep Apnea: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment 90% of people who have sleep apnea don’t know that they have it. Usually it is the bed partner who first notices that the person is struggling to breathe during sleep. Diagnosis and treatment are essential because sleep apnea can be life-threatening. In This Article: What is sleep apnea? Snoring vs. sleep apnea Signs and symptoms Sleep apnea diagnosis Sleep apnea types Causes of sleep apnea Effects of sleep apnea Treatment for sleep apnea Self-help Physical or mechanical treatment Advantages and disadvantages Resources and links What is sleep apnea? If you stop breathing periodically during sleep, you have sleep apnea. You may awaken to restart breathing up to 100 times per night. Probably you remember nothing at all about the awakenings. However, if you sleep with someone else, your sleep partner will remember a great deal about the awakenings. If you don’t have a sleep partner and suspect that you have sleep apnea, there other ways to monitor your sleep using audio recording (see below). There are three vital things that you need to know about sleep apnea: Not only does sleep apnea result in sleep deprivation, but it can also threaten your life. Sleep apnea is a progressive sleep disorder (it gets worse as you age). Treatment for sleep apnea is necessary and usually successful. To see a brief video demonstrating an episode of sleep apnea, see snoring & sleep apnea . Is snoring the same as sleep apnea? Snoring and sleep apnea are not the same thing. Snoring is simply a loud sound that you make during breathing while asleep. Snoring may accompany sleep apnea, but snoring by itself does not mean that breathing has stopped. What are the signs and symptoms of sleep apnea? Warning signs and symptoms of sleep apnea are: Frequent cessation of breathing ( apnea ) during sleep. Your sleep partner may notice repeated silences from your side of the bed. Choking or gasping during sleep to get air into the lungs Loud snoring Sudden awakenings to restart breathing Waking up in a sweat during the night Feeling unrefreshed in the morning after a night’s sleep Headaches, sore throat, or dry mouth in the mornings after waking up Daytime sleepiness , including falling asleep at inappropriate times, such as during driving or at work Lethargy Rapid weight gain Memory loss and learning difficulties Short attention span Poor judgment Depression Personality changes How can I get diagnosed for sleep apnea? Before you visit a doctor for a possible diagnosis of sleep apnea, ask your spouse or sleeping partner to keep a sleep diary for you. Your bed partner probably wakes up frequently because of your sleep problems, so keeping a record of awakenings can be a constructive way to move toward solution of your sleep disorder. A willing bed partner can keep a notepad, a pen, and a flashlight near the bed, and can make written records for an entire night every so often. Whenever your bed partner wakes up, they can note how loud your snoring is, whether you are asleep or not, and whether you are having trouble breathing (that is, choking or gasping). If you don’t have someone to record your sleep patterns, you can use a tape recorder yourself. You can automatically audiotape yourself during sleep with a sound-activated audio recorder or a software program that turns your computer into a sound-activated recorder. If you don’t have access to recording equipment, it may be worthwhile to ask a friend or loved one to monitor your sleep pattern for a few nights, or visit a sleep center for observation. With your sleep record in hand, consult a knowledgeable doctor or a sleep specialist. To diagnose for sleep apnea, the doctor or specialist will: perform a physical examination of your mouth and nose to look for obstructions, possibly do an endoscopy of your nose and throat, and x-rays or a CT scan of the head and neck, and recommend an overnight sleep study in a sleep clinic. Sleep tests in a sleep clinic help to diagnose sleep apnea by measuring how frequently you stop breathing. Polysomnography is a standard test that records: electrical activity of the brain, eye movement, muscle movement, heart rate, respiratory effort, air flow, and blood oxygen levels during sleep. You can take a quick self-test to help you decide whether to go to a doctor for a diagnosis of sleep apnea . For more detailed information about the diagnosis of sleep apnea, see How Is Sleep Apnea Diagnosed? . What are the types of sleep apnea? There are three types of sleep apnea. Types of Sleep Apnea Type Description Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) The most common type of sleep apnea. Caused by a breathing obstruction, which stops the air flow in the nose and mouth. Central Sleep Apnea (CSA) A much less common type of sleep apnea. The brain signal that instructs the body to breathe is delayed. This central nervous system disorder can be caused by disease or injury involving the brainstem, such as a stroke, a brain tumor, a viral brain infection, or a chronic respiratory disease. Mixed sleep apnea A combination of the two other types of sleep apnea, Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Central Sleep Apnea. This article primarily discusses the type of sleep apnea called Obstructive Sleep Apnea. For more information about Central Sleep Apnea, see Central sleep apnea . What are the causes of sleep apnea? Various risk factors can predispose you to have an obstructed airway and therefore cause sleep apnea. If you have a number of the risk factors below, and you are not sleeping well, you might consult a doctor for a diagnosis of sleep apnea. The risk factors for sleep apnea are: Obesity or excessive fat in the neck and throat – However, note that almost half of people with sleep apnea are not obese. Age Male gender Irregular sleep hours - An irregular sleep schedule can throw off your sleep cycles. Disruptions include work days vs. non-work days; a snoring bed partner; a new baby; aggravation from the day’s events; not following a natural preference for sleep during unconventional hours; and overuse of caffeinated products. Particularly affected are Stage 1 sleep (when you first fall asleep) and REM sleep (when you dream). The result of disruption can be unstable breathing and sleep apnea during these phases of sleep. Anatomical anomalies that narrow your airway – For example, a deviated septum, an enlarged tongue, or a receding chin. Snoring - Snoring itself is not only a result of sleep apnea, but also a cause. The repeated vibrations of the soft palate during snoring can cause the soft palate to lengthen, which can obstruct the airway. Enlarged tonsils or adenoids - Especially can cause sleep apnea in children. Use of alcohol and sedatives before bedtime Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke Nasal congestion, nasal blockages, and nasal irritants - For example, household dust and dander can inhibit breathing through the nose and force breathing through the throat, which may also be blocked. Family history of sleep apnea - No specific genetic marker for sleep apnea has been discovered, but obstructive sleep apnea seems to run in families. This may be a result of facial and neck characteristics or anatomic abnormalities that are passed along to succeeding generations. Other disorders and syndromes - Hypothyroidism, acromegaly, amyloidosis, vocal cord paralysis, post-polio syndrome, neuromuscular disorders, Marfan \'s syndrome, and Down Syndrome. Sleep apnea is associated with some other conditions, but whether these conditions are the cause or the result of sleep apnea is not yet clear: Immune-system abnormalities Severe heartburn or acid reflux (gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD) High blood pressure See Sleep apnea: Risk factors for more information about the causes of sleep apnea. What are the results or effects of sleep apnea on health? What Happens When You Stop Breathing During Sleep? If you have sleep apnea, you stop breathing during sleep, and the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood is upset. This imbalance stimulates the brain to restart the breathing process. The brain signals you to wake up so that the muscles of the tongue and throat can increase the size of the airway. Then, carbon dioxide can escape, and oxygen can enter the airway. These waking episodes are necessary to restart breathing (and to save your life), but you become sleep-deprived. Sleep apnea has serious health consequences and can even be life-threatening. The main effects of sleep apnea are: sleep deprivation , and oxygen deprivation . Sleep deprivation Both the person with sleep apnea and the bed partner suffer from sleep deprivation. A bed partner may lose an hour of sleep each night from sleeping next to a person with sleep apnea. Some trickle-down effects of sleep deprivation are: Daytime sleepiness A compromised immune system and slower healing Poor mental and emotional health Lack of smooth functioning of the body Decreased productivity A negative mood, irritability Low energy Unclear thinking, lack of concentration Slower reaction time Oxygen deprivation When you stop breathing, your brain does not get enough oxygen. Drastic problems can result from the oxygen deprivation of sleep apnea: Insomnia, restless sleep Heart disease, heart failure, or heart abnormalities such as arrhythmia (irregular heart beat) Stroke, high blood pressure (hypertension), and other cardiovascular system problems Type II diabetes Cognitive impairment: memory problems, learning difficulties, and lack of attention Rapid weight gain and obesity Impotence, sexual dysfunction, or reduced libido Morning headaches Depression Sevenfold increase in involvement in auto accidents Premature death, such as Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Other, more mild effects of sleep apnea Some other consequences of sleep apnea are: Frequent bathroom visits to urinate during the night Heartburn Excessive sweating during sleep Dry mouth in the morning Loud snoring In children, a concave chest during sleep For more information about the effects of sleep apnea, see Sleep Apnea (scroll down to How Serious Is Sleep Apnea? ). What are the treatments for sleep apnea? Sleep apnea responds well to treatment. Your specific sleep apnea characteristics determine which treatment will work best for you. Treatments include: Behavioral treatments for sleep apnea (self-help) Physical or mechanical therapy or treatment for sleep apnea, including surgery Medication is not usually an effective treatment for sleep apnea. You may wish to try several treatments, either in succession or simultaneously. What self-help remedies are there for sleep apnea? Minor sleep apnea is responsive to self-help remedies, or “behavioral treatments.” Some of the following self-help treatments for sleep apnea may work for you. Self-Help (Behavioral Treatments) for Sleep Apnea Treatment Details Lose weight One of the most significant remedies for sleep apnea is weight loss. Overweight individuals who lose even 10% of their weight can reduce sleep apnea during the night and dramatically improve the quality of their sleep. Eliminate the use of alcohol, tobacco, and sedatives such as sleeping pills Avoiding the use of alcohol, tobacco, and sleeping pills can reduce the likelihood of airway closure during the night. Sleep on your side People who experience sleep apnea only when they sleep on their backs can benefit from special pillows or folk remedies that encourage side-sleeping, such as the tennis ball trick. Regularize your sleep hours Irregular sleep hours can throw off your sleep cycles and lead to breathing problems during the most important sleep stages. Stabilizing bedtime hours and eliminating disturbances to your sleep can reduce sleep apnea. Learn to play the didgeridoo Swiss medical scientists found that regular playing of the didgeridoo (an Australian wind instrument) improved snoring, sleep apnea, and daytime sleepiness, and reduced sleep disturbances to bedroom partners. The reason for this improvement may be that training to play the didgeridoo decreased the collapsibility of the upper airways. What is a didgeridoo? You can see a didgeridoo and hear a sound clip at this commercial site (no endorsement intended). What physical or mechanical treatments can cure sleep apnea? Physical devices and mechanical therapies are effective in treating many cases of sleep apnea. These treatments for sleep apnea are: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Dental appliances or jaw adjustment devices Surgery Oxygen administration Physical and Mechanical Treatments for Sleep Apnea Treatment Details Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) To keep your airway open during sleep, a machine at your bedside blows pressurized air into a mask that you wear over your nose or face. Very common long-term treatment for severe sleep apnea. For more information, see: CPAP , and CPAP . Dental appliances, oral devices, and lower jaw adjustment devices Opens your airway by bringing your lower jaw or your tongue forward during sleep. Most dental devices are acrylic and fit inside your mouth, much like an athletic mouth guard or orthodontic appliance. Some others fit around your head and chin to adjust the position of your lower jaw. Two common oral devices are the Mandibular Repositioning Device and the Tongue Retaining Device. For more information about dental appliances, see: Dental Appliances and 3 Kinds of Appliances . For pictures of many oral appliances, see: Oral Appliance Descriptions . Surgery Increases the size of your airway by surgically removing tissues. The surgeon may remove tonsils, adenoids, or excess tissue at the back of the throat or inside the nose. Or the surgeon may reconstruct the jaw. The surgeon operates with a scalpel, a laser, or a microwaving probe (radiofrequency energy). For more details, see: Sleep Apnea Surgery , Surgery , and Surgery . Oxygen administration A narrow tube runs from an oxygen source to your nose, where the tube ends in small plastic prongs that fit into your nose. Ensures that you get enough oxygen during sleep. Rarely used. May be used in conjunction with CPAP. For treatment of sleep apnea, see a doctor specializing in sleep problems. Sleep centers are clinics with such specialists. See Locate a Sleep Center... For dental devices, find a dentist who specializes in dental sleep medicine. See Find a Dentist . What are the advantages and disadvantages of the various types of treatment for sleep apnea? Choosing the right treatment for your case of sleep apnea is an important decision. Following is a summary of the main advantages and disadvantages of each type of treatment for sleep apnea. Always consult a sleep specialist when making this decision. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Various Treatments for Sleep Apnea Treatment Advantages Disadvantages Self-help Inexpensive Private, not embarrassing; unobtrusive to your bed partner The lifestyle changes you make can improve more than just your sleep! Only works for mild sleep apnea You may have to make permanent lifestyle changes CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) Safe Very effective Immediate relief Difficult to use, so many drop use within the first year Mask may be uncomfortable, claustrophobic, or embarrassing. Proper fit avoids discomfort. Many side-effects Machine may be noisy A lifelong treatment Dental devices Easier to use and maintain than CPAP, so people stay with this treatment longer and are therefore more likely to experience relief Small size, so more convenient for traveling than CPAP More effective than surgery for some airway obstructions Not as effective as CPAP Proper use is essential for treatment to be effective Not very effective for severe sleep apnea and for some types of airway obstructions Many possible side-effects: soreness; damage to the jaw, teeth, and mouth; saliva build-up; nausea; permanent change in the position of the jaw or teeth. Sleep apnea may even worsen. Surgery Can permanently cure your sleep apnea problem, and no more treatment is necessary Anesthesia and operations are inherently risky. May require a sequence of surgeries over time. The jaw may have to be wired shut for several weeks. Performing surgery on the wrong tissue can make no difference or even worsen the sleep apnea. If unsuccessful, can impede the success of other kinds of treatments Side-effects can be severe, such as pain and throat swelling Oxygen administration Life-saving treatment for people with heart-related breathing problems. Allows the person to sleep safely through the night. Only helps during the administration period Must be carefully adjusted, or it can increase apnea Waking episodes still occur during sleep Doesn’t improve daytime sleepiness For an informal discussion of problems associated with the various treatments for sleep apnea, see Sleep Apnoea FAQ / Sleep Apnea FAQ . For a head and neck surgeon’s advice regarding the various forms of sleep apnea treatment, see Consultation for Snoring and Sleep Apnea C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",67);arrFiles[16]=new Array(17,"Pink_eye_symptoms.html","2007-05-15","Symtoms.org - Pink Eye Symtoms & Conjunctivitis Signs of Disease","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva or thin membrane covering the white of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelid. The inflamed conjunctiva will usually make the eye appear red or pink because the tiny blood vessels that are normally w","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map Conjunctivitis : Pink Eye Symtoms Definition | Symptoms | Treatment Definition Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva or thin membrane covering the white of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelid. The inflamed conjunctiva will usually make the eye appear red or pink because the tiny blood vessels that are normally within the conjunctiva are now irritated and enlarged. The white of the eye (sclera) is covered by a thin, filmy membrane called the conjunctiva which produces mucus to coat and lubricate the surface of the eye. It normally has fine blood vessels within it, which can be seen on close inspection. When the conjunctiva becomes irritated or inflamed, the blood vessels which supply it enlarge and become much more prominent, and the eye turns red. What Causes Conjunctivitis? There are many different sources of eye irritation that can cause conjunctivitis. Bacterial infections can cause a red eye which is associated with a pus or discharge from the eye, or they can cause a red eye which is associated with crusting of the eyelashes with little or no discharge. Viruses can cause conjunctivitis, such as the familiar red eyes, sore throat, and runny nose of a common cold. Viral conjunctivitis usually produces a watery discharge and lasts from one to two weeks. Infectious conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, can be quite contagious. Cloth handkerchiefs and towels should not be shared during this time. Handwashing will also help prevent the spread of this infection. Allergies can also cause a conjunctivitis which produces a discharge. Allergies, like hay fever, can make the eyes itchy. Other allergies may only produce a chronic red eye. Environmental irritants such as smoke or fumes may cause conjunctivitis. Any type of conjunctivitis is aggravated by dryness of the eyes. Symptoms Pinkness or redness in the eye Inflamed inner eyelids Blurred vision Sandy or scratchy feeling in the eye Pus or watery discharge from the eye The symptoms described above may not necessarily mean that you have conjunctivitis. However, if you experience one or more of these symptoms, contact your eye doctor for a complete exam. Treatment If you think you might have conjunctivitis, you should Keep your hands away from your eyes; Thoroughly wash hands before and after applying eye medications; Do not share towels, washcloths, cosmetics or eyedrops with others; Seek treatment promptly. Small children, who may forget these precautions, should be kept away from school, camp and the swimming pool until the condition is cured. Infectious conjunctivitis, caused by bacteria, is usually treated with antibiotic eye drops and/or ointment. Other infectious forms, caused by viruses, can \'t be treated with antibiotics. They must be fought off by your body \'s immune system. But some antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent secondary bacterial infections from developing. When treating allergic and chemical forms of conjunctivitis, the cause of the allergy or irritation must first be removed. For instance, avoid contact with any animal if it causes an allergic reaction. Wear swimming goggles if chlorinated water irritates your eyes. In cases where these measures won \'t work, prescription and over-the-counter eye drops are available to help relieve the discomfort. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",21);arrFiles[17]=new Array(18,"ovarian_syst_symptoms.html","2007-05-15","Symtoms.org - Ovarian Syst Symtoms & Signs of Disease","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","Ovarian Cysts Symtoms. What are Ovarian Cysts? Ovarian cysts are fluid filled cavities within the ovary. Each month fluid collects around the developing egg forming a follicle. After ovulation the follicle becomes a corpus luteum which makes progesterone","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map Ovarian Cysts Symptoms What are Ovarian Cysts? Ovarian cysts are fluid filled cavities within the ovary. Each month fluid collects around the developing egg forming a follicle. After ovulation the follicle becomes a corpus luteum which makes progesterone. Either a follicle or a corpus luteum can form a cyst (follicular or corpus luteum cysts). There are also benign (non cancerous) and rarely (cancerous) cysts which can form in the ovary. Ovarian Cyst Symptoms Often asymptomatic Pelvic pain Pelvic pressure Abdominal enlargement Bowel or bladder symptoms Ovarian Cyst Treatment Expectant (may go away without treatment) Surgical (Generally as complicated as day surgical procedures) Cystectomy (removal of cyst) Oophorectomy (removal of ovary) C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",16);arrFiles[18]=new Array(19,"Cystic_Fibrosis_Symptoms.html","2007-05-15","Symtoms.org - Cystic Fibrosis Symtoms & Signs of Disease","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","Cystic Fibrosis Symtoms. What Is Cystic Fibrosis? Cystic fibrosis is an inherited chronic disease that affects the lungs and digestive system of about 30,000 children and adults in the United States (70,000 worldwide).","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map Cystic Fibrosis Symtoms What Is Cystic Fibrosis? Cystic fibrosis is an inherited chronic disease that affects the lungs and digestive system of about 30,000 children and adults in the United States (70,000 worldwide). A defective gene and its protein product cause the body to produce unusually thick, sticky mucus that: clogs the lungs and leads to life-threatening lung infections; and obstructs the pancreas and stops natural enzymes from helping the body break down and absorb food. In the 1950s, few children with cystic fibrosis lived to attend elementary school. Today, advances in research and medical treatments have further enhanced and extended life for children and adults with CF. Many people with the disease can now expect to live into their 30s, 40s and beyond. Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis People with CF can have a variety of symptoms, including: very salty-tasting skin; persistent coughing, at times with phlegm; frequent lung infections; wheezing or shortness of breath; poor growth/weight gain in spite of a good appetite; and frequent greasy, bulky stools or difficulty in bowel movements. Statistics About 1,000 new cases of cystic fibrosis are diagnosed each year. More than 70% of patients are diagnosed by age two. More than40% of the CF patient population is age 18 or older. In 2005, the predicted median age of survival wasalmost 37 years. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",19);arrFiles[19]=new Array(20,"diabetes_symptoms.html","2007-05-15","Symtoms.org - Diabetes Symtoms & Disease","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","Symtoms of Diabetes. Many of the signs of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are similar. In both, there is too much glucose in the blood and not enough in the cells of your body. High glucose levels in Type I are due to a lack of insulin because the insulin pro","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map Look For These Signs and Smptoms of Diabetes: Many of the signs of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are similar. In both, there is too much glucose in the blood and not enough in the cells of your body. High glucose levels in Type I are due to a lack of insulin because the insulin producing cells have been destroyed. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body \'s cells become resistant to insulin that is being produced. Either way, your cells aren \'t getting the glucose that they need, and your body lets you know by giving you these signs and symptoms. Frequent trips to the bathroom: Are you visiting the bathroom much more lately? Does it seem like you urinate all day long? Urination becomes more frequent when there is too much glucose in the blood. If insulin is nonexistent or ineffective, the kidneys can \'t filter glucose back to the blood. They become overwhelmed and try to draw extra water out of the blood to dilute the glucose. This keeps your bladder full and it keeps you running to the bathroom. Unquenchable Thirst: If it feels like you can \'t get enough water and you \'re drinking much more than usual, it could be a sign of diabetes, especially if it seems to go hand in hand with frequent urination. If your body is pulling extra water out of your blood and you \'re running to the bathroom more, you will become dehydrated and feel the need to drink more to replace the water that you are losing. Losing Weight Without Trying: This symptom is more noticeable with Type 1 diabetes. In Type 1, the pancreas stops making insulin, possibly due to a viral attack on pancreas cells or because an autoimmune response makes the body attack the insulin producing cells. The body desperately looks for an energy source because the cells aren \'t getting glucose. It starts to break down muscle tissue and fat for energy. Type 2 happens gradually with increasing insulin resistance so weight loss is not as noticeable. Weakness and Fatigue: It \'s that bad boy glucose again. Glucose from the food we eat travels into the bloodstream where insulin is supposed to help it transition into the cells of our body. The cells use it to produce the energy we need to live. When the insulin isn \'t there or if the cells don \'t react to it anymore, then the glucose stays outside the cells in the bloodstream. The cells become energy starved and you feel tired and run down. Tingling or Numbness in Your Hands, Legs or Feet: This symptom is called neuropathy. It occurs gradually over time as consistently high glucose in the blood damages the nervous system, particularly in the extremities. Type 2 diabetes is a gradual onset, and people are often not aware that they have it. Therefore, blood sugar might have been high for more than a few years before a diagnosis is made. Nerve damage can creep up without our knowledge. Neuropathy can very often improve when tighter blood glucose control is achieved. Other Signs and Symptoms That Can Occur: Blurred vision, skin that is dry or itchy, frequent infections or cuts and bruises that take a long time to heal are also signs that something is amiss. Again, when these signs are associated with diabetes, they are the result of high glucose levels in the body. If you notice any of the above signs, schedule an appointment with your doctor. He or she will be able to tell you if you have reason to be concerned about a diagnosis of diabetes. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",20);arrFiles[20]=new Array(21,"scale.gif","2007-05-04","scale.gif","","","",8);arrFiles[21]=new Array(22,"Symptoms_of_bipolar_disorder.html","2007-05-19","Symtoms.org - Symtoms of Bipolar Disorder & Signs of Disease","Symptoms of bipolar disorder, food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms s","Symtoms of Bipolar Disorder. Also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in a person s mood, energy, and ability to function. Different from the normal ups and downs that everyone goes through, the symptoms of b","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Menopause Symptoms SDT Symptoms Stress Symptoms Other links: Medical News GuestBook Site Map Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder Addendum January 2007 Introduction What Are the Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder? Suicide What Is the Course of Bipolar Disorder? Can Children and Adolescents Have Bipolar Disorder? What Causes Bipolar Disorder? How Is Bipolar Disorder Treated? Do Other Illnesses Co-occur with Bipolar Disorder? How Can Individuals and Families Get Help for Bipolar Disorder? What About Clinical Studies for Bipolar Disorder? For More Information References Introduction Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in a person \'s mood, energy, and ability to function. Different from the normal ups and downs that everyone goes through, the symptoms of bipolar disorder are severe. They can result in damaged relationships, poor job or school performance, and even suicide. But there is good news: bipolar disorder can be treated, and people with this illness can lead full and productive lives. About 5.7 million American adults or about 2.6 percent of the population age 18 and older in any given year, 1 have bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder typically develops in late adolescence or early adulthood. However, some people have their first symptoms during childhood, and some develop them late in life. It is often not recognized as an illness, and people may suffer for years before it is properly diagnosed and treated. Like diabetes or heart disease, bipolar disorder is a long-term illness that must be carefully managed throughout a person \'s life. Manic-depression distorts moods and thoughts, incites dreadful behaviors, destroys the basis of rational thought, and too often erodes the desire and will to live. It is an illness that is biological in its origins, yet one that feels psychological in the experience of it; an illness that is unique in conferring advantage and pleasure, yet one that brings in its wake almost unendurable suffering and, not infrequently, suicide. I am fortunate that I have not died from my illness, fortunate in having received the best medical care available, and fortunate in having the friends, colleagues, and family that I do. Kay Redfield Jamison, Ph.D., An Unquiet Mind , 1995, p. 6. (Reprinted with permission from Alfred A. Knopf, a division of Random House, Inc.) What Are the Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder? Bipolar disorder causes dramatic mood swings—from overly high and/or irritable to sad and hopeless, and then back again, often with periods of normal mood in between. Severe changes in energy and behavior go along with these changes in mood. The periods of highs and lows are called episodes of mania and depression. Signs and symptoms of mania (or a manic episode ) include: Increased energy, activity, and restlessness Excessively high, overly good, euphoric mood Extreme irritability Racing thoughts and talking very fast, jumping from one idea to another Distractibility, can \'t concentrate well Little sleep needed Unrealistic beliefs in one \'s abilities and powers Poor judgment Spending sprees A lasting period of behavior that is different from usual Increased sexual drive Abuse of drugs, particularly cocaine, alcohol, and sleeping medications Provocative, intrusive, or aggressive behavior Denial that anything is wrong A manic episode is diagnosed if elevated mood occurs with three or more of the other symptoms most of the day, nearly every day, for 1 week or longer. If the mood is irritable, four additional symptoms must be present. Signs and symptoms of depression (or a depressive episode ) include: Lasting sad, anxious, or empty mood Feelings of hopelessness or pessimism Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or helplessness Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed, including sex Decreased energy, a feeling of fatigue or of being slowed down Difficulty concentrating, remembering, making decisions Restlessness or irritability Sleeping too much, or can \'t sleep Change in appetite and/or unintended weight loss or gain Chronic pain or other persistent bodily symptoms that are not caused by physical illness or injury Thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide attempts A depressive episode is diagnosed if five or more of these symptoms last most of the day, nearly every day, for a period of 2 weeks or longer. A mild to moderate level of mania is called hypomania . Hypomania may feel good to the person who experiences it and may even be associated with good functioning and enhanced productivity. Thus even when family and friends learn to recognize the mood swings as possible bipolar disorder, the person may deny that anything is wrong. Without proper treatment, however, hypomania can become severe mania in some people or can switch into depression. Sometimes, severe episodes of mania or depression include symptoms of psychosis (or psychotic symptoms). Common psychotic symptoms are hallucinations (hearing, seeing, or otherwise sensing the presence of things not actually there) and delusions (false, strongly held beliefs not influenced by logical reasoning or explained by a person \'s usual cultural concepts). Psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder tend to reflect the extreme mood state at the time. For example, delusions of grandiosity, such as believing one is the President or has special powers or wealth, may occur during mania; delusions of guilt or worthlessness, such as believing that one is ruined and penniless or has committed some terrible crime, may appear during depression. People with bipolar disorder who have these symptoms are sometimes incorrectly diagnosed as having schizophrenia, another severe mental illness. It may be helpful to think of the various mood states in bipolar disorder as a spectrum or continuous range. At one end is severe depression, above which is moderate depression and then mild low mood, which many people call the blues when it is short-lived but is termed dysthymia when it is chronic. Then there is normal or balanced mood, above which comes hypomania (mild to moderate mania), and then severe mania. In some people, however, symptoms of mania and depression may occur together in what is called a mixed bipolar state. Symptoms of a mixed state often include agitation, trouble sleeping, significant change in appetite, psychosis, and suicidal thinking. A person may have a very sad, hopeless mood while at the same time feeling extremely energized. Bipolar disorder may appear to be a problem other than mental illness—for instance, alcohol or drug abuse, poor school or work performance, or strained interpersonal relationships. Such problems in fact may be signs of an underlying mood disorder. Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder Like other mental illnesses, bipolar disorder cannot yet be identified physiologically—for example, through a blood test or a brain scan. Therefore, a diagnosis of bipolar disorder is made on the basis of symptoms, course of illness, and, when available, family history. The diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder are described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). 2 Descriptions offered by people with bipolar disorder give valuable insights into the various mood states associated with the illness: Depression: I doubt completely my ability to do anything well. It seems as though my mind has slowed down and burned out to the point of being virtually useless…. [I am] haunt[ed]… with the total, the desperate hopelessness of it all…. Others say, It \'s only temporary, it will pass, you will get over it, but of course they haven \'t any idea of how I feel, although they are certain they do. If I can \'t feel, move, think or care, then what on earth is the point? Hypomania: At first when I \'m high, it \'s tremendous… ideas are fast… like shooting stars you follow until brighter ones appear…. All shyness disappears, the right words and gestures are suddenly there… uninteresting people, things become intensely interesting. Sensuality is pervasive, the desire to seduce and be seduced is irresistible. Your marrow is infused with unbelievable feelings of ease, power, well-being, omnipotence, euphoria… you can do anything… but, somewhere this changes. Mania: The fast ideas become too fast and there are far too many… overwhelming confusion replaces clarity… you stop keeping up with it—memory goes. Infectious humor ceases to amuse. Your friends become frightened…. everything is now against the grain… you are irritable, angry, frightened, uncontrollable, and trapped. Suicide Some people with bipolar disorder become suicidal. Anyone who is thinking about committing suicide needs immediate attention, preferably from a mental health professional or a physician. Anyone who talks about suicide should be taken seriously. Risk for suicide appears to be higher earlier in the course of the illness. Therefore, recognizing bipolar disorder early and learning how best to manage it may decrease the risk of death by suicide. Signs and symptoms that may accompany suicidal feelings include: talking about feeling suicidal or wanting to die feeling hopeless, that nothing will ever change or get better feeling helpless, that nothing one does makes any difference feeling like a burden to family and friends abusing alcohol or drugs putting affairs in order (e.g., organizing finances or giving away possessions to prepare for one \'s death) writing a suicide note putting oneself in harm \'s way, or in situations where there is a danger of being killed If you are feeling suicidal or know someone who is: call a doctor, emergency room, or 911 right away to get immediate help make sure you, or the suicidal person, are not left alone make sure that access is prevented to large amounts of medication, weapons, or other items that could be used for self-harm While some suicide attempts are carefully planned over time, others are impulsive acts that have not been well thought out; thus, the final point in the box above may be a valuable long-term strategy for people with bipolar disorder. Either way, it is important to understand that suicidal feelings and actions are symptoms of an illness that can be treated. With proper treatment, suicidal feelings can be overcome. What Is the Course of Bipolar Disorder? Episodes of mania and depression typically recur across the life span. Between episodes, most people with bipolar disorder are free of symptoms, but as many as one-third of people have some residual symptoms. A small percentage of people experience chronic unremitting symptoms despite treatment. 3 The classic form of the illness, which involves recurrent episodes of mania and depression, is called bipolar I disorder . Some people, however, never develop severe mania but instead experience milder episodes of hypomania that alternate with depression; this form of the illness is called bipolar II disorder . When four or more episodes of illness occur within a 12-month period, a person is said to have rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Some people experience multiple episodes within a single week, or even within a single day. Rapid cycling tends to develop later in the course of illness and is more common among women than among men. People with bipolar disorder can lead healthy and productive lives when the illness is effectively treated (see below— How Is Bipolar Disorder Treated? ). Without treatment, however, the natural course of bipolar disorder tends to worsen. Over time a person may suffer more frequent (more rapid-cycling) and more severe manic and depressive episodes than those experienced when the illness first appeared. 4 But in most cases, proper treatment can help reduce the frequency and severity of episodes and can help people with bipolar disorder maintain good quality of life. Can Children and Adolescents Have Bipolar Disorder? Both children and adolescents can develop bipolar disorder. It is more likely to affect the children of parents who have the illness. Unlike many adults with bipolar disorder, whose episodes tend to be more clearly defined, children and young adolescents with the illness often experience very fast mood swings between depression and mania many times within a day. 5 Children with mania are more likely to be irritable and prone to destructive tantrums than to be overly happy and elated. Mixed symptoms also are common in youths with bipolar disorder. Older adolescents who develop the illness may have more classic, adult-type episodes and symptoms. Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents can be hard to tell apart from other problems that may occur in these age groups. For example, while irritability and aggressiveness can indicate bipolar disorder, they also can be symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, or other types of mental disorders more common among adults such as major depression or schizophrenia. Drug abuse also may lead to such symptoms. For any illness, however, effective treatment depends on appropriate diagnosis. Children or adolescents with emotional and behavioral symptoms should be carefully evaluated by a mental health professional. Any child or adolescent who has suicidal feelings, talks about suicide, or attempts suicide should be taken seriously and should receive immediate help from a mental health specialist. What Causes Bipolar Disorder? Scientists are learning about the possible causes of bipolar disorder through several kinds of studies. Most scientists now agree that there is no single cause for bipolar disorder—rather, many factors act together to produce the illness. Because bipolar disorder tends to run in families, researchers have been searching for specific genes—the microscopic building blocks of DNA inside all cells that influence how the body and mind work and grow—passed down through generations that may increase a person \'s chance of developing the illness. But genes are not the whole story. Studies of identical twins, who share all the same genes, indicate that both genes and other factors play a role in bipolar disorder. If bipolar disorder were caused entirely by genes, then the identical twin of someone with the illness would always develop the illness, and research has shown that this is not the case. But if one twin has bipolar disorder, the other twin is more likely to develop the illness than is another sibling. 6 In addition, findings from gene research suggest that bipolar disorder, like other mental illnesses, does not occur because of a single gene. 7 It appears likely that many different genes act together, and in combination with other factors of the person or the person \'s environment, to cause bipolar disorder. Finding these genes, each of which contributes only a small amount toward the vulnerability to bipolar disorder, has been extremely difficult. But scientists expect that the advanced research tools now being used will lead to these discoveries and to new and better treatments for bipolar disorder. Brain-imaging studies are helping scientists learn what goes wrong in the brain to produce bipolar disorder and other mental illnesses. 8 , 9 New brain-imaging techniques allow researchers to take pictures of the living brain at work, to examine its structure and activity, without the need for surgery or other invasive procedures. These techniques include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). There is evidence from imaging studies that the brains of people with bipolar disorder may differ from the brains of healthy individuals. As the differences are more clearly identified and defined through research, scientists will gain a better understanding of the underlying causes of the illness, and eventually may be able to predict which types of treatment will work most effectively. How Is Bipolar Disorder Treated? Most people with bipolar disorder—even those with the most severe forms—can achieve substantial stabilization of their mood swings and related symptoms with proper treatment. 10 , 11 , 12 Because bipolar disorder is a recurrent illness, long-term preventive treatment is strongly recommended and almost always indicated. A strategy that combines medication and psychosocial treatment is optimal for managing the disorder over time. In most cases, bipolar disorder is much better controlled if treatment is continuous than if it is on and off. But even when there are no breaks in treatment, mood changes can occur and should be reported immediately to your doctor. The doctor may be able to prevent a full-blown episode by making adjustments to the treatment plan. Working closely with the doctor and communicating openly about treatment concerns and options can make a difference in treatment effectiveness. In addition, keeping a chart of daily mood symptoms, treatments, sleep patterns, and life events may help people with bipolar disorder and their families to better understand the illness. This chart also can help the doctor track and treat the illness most effectively. Medications Medications for bipolar disorder are prescribed by psychiatrists—medical doctors (M.D.) with expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. While primary care physicians who do not specialize in psychiatry also may prescribe these medications, it is recommended that people with bipolar disorder see a psychiatrist for treatment. Medications known as mood stabilizers usually are prescribed to help control bipolar disorder. 10 Several different types of mood stabilizers are available. In general, people with bipolar disorder continue treatment with mood stabilizers for extended periods of time (years). Other medications are added when necessary, typically for shorter periods, to treat episodes of mania or depression that break through despite the mood stabilizer. Lithium, the first mood-stabilizing medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of mania, is often very effective in controlling mania and preventing the recurrence of both manic and depressive episodes. Anticonvulsant medications, such as valproate (Depakote ® ) or carbamazepine (Tegretol ® ), also can have mood-stabilizing effects and may be especially useful for difficult-to-treat bipolar episodes. Valproate was FDA-approved in 1995 for treatment of mania. Newer anticonvulsant medications, including lamotrigine (Lamictal ® ), gabapentin (Neurontin ® ), and topiramate (Topamax ® ), are being studied to determine how well they work in stabilizing mood cycles. Anticonvulsant medications may be combined with lithium, or with each other, for maximum effect. Children and adolescents with bipolar disorder generally are treated with lithium, but valproate and carbamazepine also are used. Researchers are evaluating the safety and efficacy of these and other psychotropic medications in children and adolescents. There is some evidence that valproate may lead to adverse hormone changes in teenage girls and polycystic ovary syndrome in women who began taking the medication before age 20. 13 Therefore, young female patients taking valproate should be monitored carefully by a physician. Women with bipolar disorder who wish to conceive, or who become pregnant, face special challenges due to the possible harmful effects of existing mood stabilizing medications on the developing fetus and the nursing infant. 14 Therefore, the benefits and risks of all available treatment options should be discussed with a clinician skilled in this area. New treatments with reduced risks during pregnancy and lactation are under study. Treatment of Bipolar Depression Research has shown that people with bipolar disorder are at risk of switching into mania or hypomania, or of developing rapid cycling, during treatment with antidepressant medication. 15 Therefore, mood-stabilizing medications generally are required, alone or in combination with antidepressants, to protect people with bipolar disorder from this switch . Lithium and valproate are the most commonly used mood-stabilizing drugs today. However, research studies continue to evaluate the potential mood-stabilizing effects of newer medications. Atypical antipsychotic medications, including clozapine (Clozaril ® ), olanzapine (Zyprexa ® ), risperidone (Risperdal ® ), quetiapine (Seroquel ® ), and ziprasidone (Geodon ® ), are being studied as possible treatments for bipolar disorder. Evidence suggests clozapine may be helpful as a mood stabilizer for people who do not respond to lithium or anticonvulsants. 16 Other research has supported the efficacy of olanzapine for acute mania, an indication that has recently received FDA approval. 17 Olanzapine may also help relieve psychotic depression. 18 If insomnia is a problem, a high-potency benzodiazepine medication such as clonazepam (Klonopin ® ) or lorazepam (Ativan ® ) may be helpful to promote better sleep. However, since these medications may be habit-forming, they are best prescribed on a short-term basis. Other types of sedative medications, such as zolpidem (Ambien ® ), are sometimes used instead. Changes to the treatment plan may be needed at various times during the course of bipolar disorder to manage the illness most effectively. A psychiatrist should guide any changes in type or dose of medication. Be sure to tell the psychiatrist about all other prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, or natural supplements you may be taking. This is important because certain medications and supplements taken together may cause adverse reactions. To reduce the chance of relapse or of developing a new episode, it is important to stick to the treatment plan. Talk to your doctor if you have any concerns about the medications. Thyroid Function People with bipolar disorder often have abnormal thyroid gland function. 4 Because too much or too little thyroid hormone alone can lead to mood and energy changes, it is important that thyroid levels are carefully monitored by a physician. People with rapid cycling tend to have co-occurring thyroid problems and may need to take thyroid pills in addition to their medications for bipolar disorder. Also, lithium treatment may cause low thyroid levels in some people, resulting in the need for thyroid supplementation. Medication Side Effects Before starting a new medication for bipolar disorder, always talk with your psychiatrist and/or pharmacist about possible side effects. Depending on the medication, side effects may include weight gain, nausea, tremor, reduced sexual drive or performance, anxiety, hair loss, movement problems, or dry mouth. Be sure to tell the doctor about all side effects you notice during treatment. He or she may be able to change the dose or offer a different medication to relieve them. Your medication should not be changed or stopped without the psychiatrist \'s guidance. Psychosocial Treatments As an addition to medication, psychosocial treatments—including certain forms of psychotherapy (or talk therapy)—are helpful in providing support, education, and guidance to people with bipolar disorder and their families. Studies have shown that psychosocial interventions can lead to increased mood stability, fewer hospitalizations, and improved functioning in several areas. 12 A licensed psychologist, social worker, or counselor typically provides these therapies and often works together with the psychiatrist to monitor a patient \'s progress. The number, frequency, and type of sessions should be based on the treatment needs of each person. Psychosocial interventions commonly used for bipolar disorder are cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, family therapy, and a newer technique, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy. NIMH researchers are studying how these interventions compare to one another when added to medication treatment for bipolar disorder. Cognitive behavioral therapy helps people with bipolar disorder learn to change inappropriate or negative thought patterns and behaviors associated with the illness. Psychoeducation involves teaching people with bipolar disorder about the illness and its treatment, and how to recognize signs of relapse so that early intervention can be sought before a full-blown illness episode occurs. Psychoeducation also may be helpful for family members. Family therapy uses strategies to reduce the level of distress within the family that may either contribute to or result from the ill person \'s symptoms. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy helps people with bipolar disorder both to improve interpersonal relationships and to regularize their daily routines. Regular daily routines and sleep schedules may help protect against manic episodes. As with medication, it is important to follow the treatment plan for any psychosocial intervention to achieve the greatest benefit. Other Treatments In situations where medication, psychosocial treatment, and the combination of these interventions prove ineffective, or work too slowly to relieve severe symptoms such as psychosis or suicidality, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be considered. ECT may also be considered to treat acute episodes when medical conditions, including pregnancy, make the use of medications too risky. ECT is a highly effective treatment for severe depressive, manic, and/or mixed episodes. The possibility of long-lasting memory problems, although a concern in the past, has been significantly reduced with modern ECT techniques. However, the potential benefits and risks of ECT, and of available alternative interventions, should be carefully reviewed and discussed with individuals considering this treatment and, where appropriate, with family or friends. 19 Herbal or natural supplements, such as St. John \'s wort (Hypericum perforatum) , have not been well studied, and little is known about their effects on bipolar disorder. Because the FDA does not regulate their production, different brands of these supplements can contain different amounts of active ingredient. Before trying herbal or natural supplements, it is important to discuss them with your doctor. There is evidence that St. John \'s wort can reduce the effectiveness of certain medications. 20 In addition, like prescription antidepressants, St. John \'s wort may cause a switch into mania in some individuals with bipolar disorder, especially if no mood stabilizer is being taken. 21 Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil are being studied to determine their usefulness, alone and when added to conventional medications, for long-term treatment of bipolar disorder. 22 A Long-Term Illness That Can Be Effectively Treated Even though episodes of mania and depression naturally come and go, it is important to understand that bipolar disorder is a long-term illness that currently has no cure. Staying on treatment, even during well times, can help keep the disease under control and reduce the chance of having recurrent, worsening episodes. Do Other Illnesses Co-occur with Bipolar Disorder? Alcohol and drug abuse are very common among people with bipolar disorder. Research findings suggest that many factors may contribute to these substance abuse problems, including self-medication of symptoms, mood symptoms either brought on or perpetuated by substance abuse, and risk factors that may influence the occurrence of both bipolar disorder and substance use disorders. 23 Treatment for co-occurring substance abuse, when present, is an important part of the overall treatment plan. Anxiety disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, also may be common in people with bipolar disorder. 24 , 25 Co-occurring anxiety disorders may respond to the treatments used for bipolar disorder, or they may require separate treatment. For more information on anxiety disorders, contact NIMH (see below). How Can Individuals and Families Get Help for Bipolar Disorder? Anyone with bipolar disorder should be under the care of a psychiatrist skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Other mental health professionals, such as psychologists, psychiatric social workers, and psychiatric nurses, can assist in providing the person and family with additional approaches to treatment. Help can be found at: University—or medical school—affiliated programs Hospital departments of psychiatry Private psychiatric offices and clinics Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) Offices of family physicians, internists, and pediatricians Public community mental health centers People with bipolar disorder may need help to get help. Often people with bipolar disorder do not realize how impaired they are, or they blame their problems on some cause other than mental illness. A person with bipolar disorder may need strong encouragement from family and friends to seek treatment. Family physicians can play an important role in providing referral to a mental health professional. Sometimes a family member or friend may need to take the person with bipolar disorder for proper mental health evaluation and treatment. A person who is in the midst of a severe episode may need to be hospitalized for his or her own protection and for much-needed treatment. There may be times when the person must be hospitalized against his or her wishes. Ongoing encouragement and support are needed after a person obtains treatment, because it may take a while to find the best treatment plan for each individual. In some cases, individuals with bipolar disorder may agree, when the disorder is under good control, to a preferred course of action in the event of a future manic or depressive relapse. Like other serious illnesses, bipolar disorder is also hard on spouses, family members, friends, and employers. Family members of someone with bipolar disorder often have to cope with the person \'s serious behavioral problems, such as wild spending sprees during mania or extreme withdrawal from others during depression, and the lasting consequences of these behaviors. Many people with bipolar disorder benefit from joining support groups such as those sponsored by the National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association (NDMDA), the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI), and the National Mental Health Association (NMHA). Families and friends can also benefit from support groups offered by these organizations. For contact information, see the For More Information section at the back of this booklet. What About Clinical Studies for Bipolar Disorder? Some people with bipolar disorder receive medication and/or psychosocial therapy by volunteering to participate in clinical studies (clinical trials). Clinical studies involve the scientific investigation of illness and treatment of illness in humans. Clinical studies in mental health can yield information about the efficacy of a medication or a combination of treatments, the usefulness of a behavioral intervention or type of psychotherapy, the reliability of a diagnostic procedure, or the success of a prevention method. Clinical studies also guide scientists in learning how illness develops, progresses, lessens, and affects both mind and body. Millions of Americans diagnosed with mental illness lead healthy, productive lives because of information discovered through clinical studies. These studies are not always right for everyone, however. It is important for each individual to consider carefully the possible risks and benefits of a clinical study before making a decision to participate. In recent years, NIMH has introduced a new generation of real-world clinical studies. They are called real-world studies for several reasons. Unlike traditional clinical trials, they offer multiple different treatments and treatment combinations. In addition, they aim to include large numbers of people with mental disorders living in communities throughout the U.S. and receiving treatment across a wide variety of settings. Individuals with more than one mental disorder, as well as those with co-occurring physical illnesses, are encouraged to consider participating in these new studies. The main goal of the real-world studies is to improve treatment strategies and outcomes for all people with these disorders. In addition to measuring improvement in illness symptoms, the studies will evaluate how treatments influence other important, real-world issues such as quality of life, ability to work, and social functioning. They also will assess the cost-effectiveness of different treatments and factors that affect how well people stay on their treatment plans. The Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD) is seeking participants for the largest-ever, real-world study of treatments for bipolar disorder. To learn more about STEP-BD or other clinical studies, see the Clinical Trials page on the NIMH Web site http://www.nimh.nih.gov , visit the National Library of Medicine \'s clinical trials database http://www.clinicaltrials.gov , or contact NIMH. For More Information Bipolar Disorder Information and Organizations from NLM \'s MedlinePlus ( en Español ) Addendum to Bipolar January 2007 Aripiprazole (Abilify) is another atypical antipsychotic medication used to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia and manic or mixed (manic and depressive) episodes of bipolar I disorder. Aripiprazole is in tablet and liquid form. An injectable form is used in the treatment of symptoms of agitation in schizophrenia and manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder. References 1. Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Walters EE. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of twelve-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Archives of General Psychiatry , 2005 Jun;62(6):617-27. 2 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1994. 3 Hyman SE, Rudorfer MV. Depressive and bipolar mood disorders. In: Dale DC, Federman DD, eds. Scientific American ® ; Medicine. Vol. 3. New York: Healtheon/WebMD Corp., 2000; Sect. 13, Subsect. II, p. 1. 4 Goodwin FK, Jamison KR. Manic-depressive illness. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. 5 Geller B, Luby J. Child and adolescent bipolar disorder: a review of the past 10 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 1997; 36(9): 1168-76. 6 NIMH Genetics Workgroup. Genetics and mental disorders. NIH Publication No. 98-4268. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Mental Health, 1998. 7 Hyman SE. Introduction to the complex genetics of mental disorders. Biological Psychiatry, 1999; 45(5): 518-21. 8 Soares JC, Mann JJ. The anatomy of mood disorders—review of structural neuroimaging studies. Biological Psychiatry , 1997; 41(1): 86-106. 9 Soares JC, Mann JJ. The functional neuroanatomy of mood disorders. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 1997; 31(4): 393-432. 10 Sachs GS, Printz DJ, Kahn DA, Carpenter D, Docherty JP. The expert consensus guideline series: medication treatment of bipolar disorder 2000. Postgraduate Medicine, 2000; Spec No:1-104. 11 Sachs GS, Thase ME. Bipolar disorder therapeutics: maintenance treatment. Biological Psychiatry, 2000; 48(6): 573-81. 12 Huxley NA, Parikh SV, Baldessarini RJ. Effectiveness of psychosocial treatments in bipolar disorder: state of the evidence. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 2000; 8(3): 126-40. 13 Vainionpaa LK, Rattya J, Knip M, Tapanainen JS, Pakarinen AJ, Lanning P, Tekay A, Myllyla VV, Isojarvi JI. Valproate-induced hyperandrogenism during pubertal maturation in girls with epilepsy. Annals of Neurology , 1999; 45(4): 444-50. 14 Llewellyn A, Stowe ZN, Strader JR Jr. The use of lithium and management of women with bipolar disorder during pregnancy and lactation. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 1998; 59(Suppl 6): 57-64; discussion 65. 15 Thase ME, Sachs GS. Bipolar depression: pharmacotherapy and related therapeutic strategies. Biological Psychiatry , 2000; 48(6): 558-72. 16 Suppes T, Webb A, Paul B, Carmody T, Kraemer H, Rush AJ. Clinical outcome in a randomized 1-year trial of clozapine versus treatment as usual for patients with treatment-resistant illness and a history of mania. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1999; 156(8): 1164-9. 17 Tohen M, Sanger TM, McElroy SL, Tollefson GD, Chengappa KN, Daniel DG, Petty F, Centorrino F, Wang R, Grundy SL, Greaney MG, Jacobs TG, David SR, Toma V. Olanzapine versus placebo in the treatment of acute mania. Olanzapine HGEH Study Group. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1999; 156(5): 702-9. 18 Rothschild AJ, Bates KS, Boehringer KL, Syed A. Olanzapine response in psychotic depression. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 1999; 60(2): 116-8. 19 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Mental health: a report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, 1999. 20 Henney JE. Risk of drug interactions with St. John \'s wort. From the Food and Drug Administration. Journal of the American Medical Association, 2000; 283(13): 1679. 21 Nierenberg AA, Burt T, Matthews J, Weiss AP. Mania associated with St. John \'s wort. Biological Psychiatry, 1999; 46(12): 1707-8. 22 Stoll AL, Severus WE, Freeman MP, Rueter S, Zboyan HA, Diamond E, Cress KK, Marangell LB. Omega 3 fatty acids in bipolar disorder: a preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1999; 56(5): 407-12. 23 Strakowski SM, DelBello MP. The co-occurrence of bipolar and substance use disorders. Clinical Psychology Review, 2000; 20(2): 191-206. 24 Mueser KT, Goodman LB, Trumbetta SL, Rosenberg SD, Osher FC, Vidaver R, Auciello P, Foy DW. Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1998; 66(3): 493-9. 25 Strakowski SM, Sax KW, McElroy SL, Keck PE Jr, Hawkins JM, West SA. Course of psychiatric and substance abuse syndromes co-occurring with bipolar disorder after a first psychiatric hospitalization. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 1998; 59(9): 465-71. This publication, written by Melissa Spearing of NIMH, is a revision and update of an earlier version by Mary Lynn Hendrix. Scientific information and review were provided by NIMH Director Steven E. Hyman, M.D., and NIMH staff members Matthew V. Rudorfer, M.D., and Jane L. Pearson, Ph.D. Editorial assistance was provided by Clarissa K. Wittenberg, Margaret Strock, and Lisa D. Alberts of NIMH. NIH Publication No. 3679 Updated: 01/24/2007 C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",95);arrFiles[22]=new Array(23,"celiac_disease_symptoms.html","2007-05-15","Symtoms.org - Celiac Disease Symtoms","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","Symtoms of Celiac Disease. It  s a digestive disease that damages the small intestine and interferes with absorption of nutrients from food. People who have celiac disease cannot tolerate a protein called gluten, found in wheat, rye, and barley. Gluten i","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map Symptoms of Celiac Disease On this page: What is celiac disease? What are the symptoms of celiac disease? Why are celiac disease symptoms so varied? How is celiac disease diagnosed? What is the treatment? What are the complications of celiac disease? How common is celiac disease? Diseases Linked to Celiac Disease Dermatitis Herpetiformis Hope Through Research Points to Remember For More Information Acknowledgments What is celiac disease? Celiac disease is a digestive disease that damages the small intestine and interferes with absorption of nutrients from food. People who have celiac disease cannot tolerate a protein called gluten, found in wheat, rye, and barley. Gluten is found mainly in foods but may also be found in products we use every day, such as stamp and envelope adhesive, medicines, and vitamins. The small intestine is shaded above. When people with celiac disease eat foods or use products containing gluten, their immune system responds by damaging the small intestine. The tiny, fingerlike protrusions lining the small intestine are damaged or destroyed. Called villi, they normally allow nutrients from food to be absorbed into the bloodstream. Without healthy villi, a person becomes malnourished, regardless of the quantity of food eaten. Villi on the lining of the small intestine help absorb nutrients. Because the body’s own immune system causes the damage, celiac disease is considered an autoimmune disorder. However, it is also classified as a disease of malabsorption because nutrients are not absorbed. Celiac disease is also known as celiac sprue, nontropical sprue, and gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Celiac disease is a genetic disease, meaning it runs in families. Sometimes the disease is triggered—or becomes active for the first time—after surgery, pregnancy, childbirth, viral infection, or severe emotional stress. [ Top ] What are the symptoms of celiac disease? Celiac disease affects people differently. Symptoms may occur in the digestive system, or in other parts of the body. For example, one person might have diarrhea and abdominal pain, while another person may be irritable or depressed. In fact, irritability is one of the most common symptoms in children. Symptoms of celiac disease may include one or more of the following: gas recurring abdominal bloating and pain chronic diarrhea constipation pale, foul-smelling, or fatty stool weight loss/weight gain fatigue unexplained anemia (a low count of red blood cells causing fatigue) bone or joint pain osteoporosis, osteopenia behavioral changes tingling numbness in the legs (from nerve damage) muscle cramps seizures missed menstrual periods (often because of excessive weight loss) infertility, recurrent miscarriage delayed growth failure to thrive in infants pale sores inside the mouth, called aphthous ulcers tooth discoloration or loss of enamel itchy skin rash called dermatitis herpetiformis A person with celiac disease may have no symptoms. People without symptoms are still at risk for the complications of celiac disease, including malnutrition. The longer a person goes undiagnosed and untreated, the greater the chance of developing malnutrition and other complications. Anemia, delayed growth, and weight loss are signs of malnutrition: The body is just not getting enough nutrients. Malnutrition is a serious problem for children because they need adequate nutrition to develop properly. [ Top ] Why are celiac disease symptoms so varied? Researchers are studying the reasons celiac disease affects people differently. Some people develop symptoms as children, others as adults. Some people with celiac disease may not have symptoms, while others may not know their symptoms are from celiac disease. The undamaged part of their small intestine may not be able to absorb enough nutrients to prevent symptoms. The length of time a person is breastfed, the age a person started eating gluten-containing foods, and the amount of gluten-containing foods one eats are three factors thought to play a role in when and how celiac appears. Some studies have shown, for example, that the longer a person was breastfed, the later the symptoms of celiac disease appear and the more uncommon the symptoms. [ Top ] How is celiac disease diagnosed? Recognizing celiac disease can be difficult because some of its symptoms are similar to those of other diseases. In fact, sometimes celiac disease is confused with irritable bowel syndrome, iron-deficiency anemia caused by menstrual blood loss, Crohn’s disease, diverticulitis, intestinal infections, and chronic fatigue syndrome. As a result, celiac disease is commonly underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Recently, researchers discovered that people with celiac disease have higher than normal levels of certain autoantibodies in their blood. Antibodies are protective proteins produced by the immune system in response to substances that the body perceives to be threatening. Autoantibodies are proteins that react against the body’s own molecules or tissues. To diagnose celiac disease, physicians will usually test blood to measure levels of Immunoglobulin A (IgA) anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTGA) IgA anti-endomysium antibodies (AEA) Before being tested, one should continue to eat a regular diet that includes foods with gluten, such as breads and pastas. If a person stops eating foods with gluten before being tested, the results may be negative for celiac disease even if celiac disease is actually present. If the tests and symptoms suggest celiac disease, the doctor will perform a small bowel biopsy. During the biopsy, the doctor removes a tiny piece of tissue from the small intestine to check for damage to the villi. To obtain the tissue sample, the doctor eases a long, thin tube called an endoscope through the mouth and stomach into the small intestine. Using instruments passed through the endoscope, the doctor then takes the sample. Screening Screening for celiac disease involves testing for the presence of antibodies in the blood in people without symptoms. Americans are not routinely screened for celiac disease. Testing for celiac-related antibodies in children less than 5 years old may not be reliable. However, since celiac disease is hereditary, family members, particularly first-degree relatives—meaning parents, siblings, or children of people who have been diagnosed—may wish to be tested for the disease. About 5 to 15 percent of an affected person’s first-degree relatives will also have the disease. About 3 to 8 percent of people with type 1 diabetes will have biopsy-confirmed celiac disease, and 5 to 10 percent of people with Down syndrome will be diagnosed with celiac disease. [ Top ] What is the treatment? The only treatment for celiac disease is to follow a gluten-free diet. When a person is first diagnosed with celiac disease, the doctor usually will ask the person to work with a dietitian on a gluten-free diet plan. A dietitian is a health care professional who specializes in food and nutrition. Someone with celiac disease can learn from a dietitian how to read ingredient lists and identify foods that contain gluten in order to make informed decisions at the grocery store and when eating out. For most people, following this diet will stop symptoms, heal existing intestinal damage, and prevent further damage. Improvements begin within days of starting the diet. The small intestine is usually completely healed in 3 to 6 months in children and younger adults and within 2 years for older adults. Healed means a person now has villi that can absorb nutrients from food into the bloodstream. In order to stay well, people with celiac disease must avoid gluten for the rest of their lives. Eating any gluten, no matter how small an amount, can damage the small intestine. The damage will occur in anyone with the disease, including people without noticeable symptoms. Depending on a person’s age at diagnosis, some problems will not improve, such as delayed growth and tooth discoloration. Some people with celiac disease show no improvement on the gluten-free diet. This condition is called unresponsive celiac disease. The most common reason for poor response is that small amounts of gluten are still present in the diet. Advice from a dietitian who is skilled in educating patients about the gluten-free diet is essential to achieve the best results. Rarely, the intestinal injury will continue despite a strictly gluten-free diet. People in this situation have severely damaged intestines that cannot heal. Because their intestines are not absorbing enough nutrients, they may need to receive nutrients directly into their bloodstream through a vein, or intravenously. People with this condition may need to be evaluated for complications of the disease. Researchers are now evaluating drug treatments for unresponsive celiac disease. The web contains information about celiac disease, some of which is not accurate. The best people for advice about diagnosing and treating celiac disease are one’s doctor and dietitian. The Gluten-free Diet A gluten-free diet means not eating foods that contain wheat (including spelt, triticale, and kamut), rye, and barley. The foods and products made from these grains are also not allowed. In other words, a person with celiac disease should not eat most grain, pasta, cereal, and many processed foods. Despite these restrictions, people with celiac disease can eat a well-balanced diet with a variety of foods, including gluten-free bread and pasta. For example, people with celiac disease can use potato, rice, soy, amaranth, quinoa, buckwheat, or bean flour instead of wheat flour. They can buy gluten-free bread, pasta, and other products from stores that carry organic foods, or order products from special food companies. Gluten-free products are increasingly available from regular stores. Checking labels for “gluten free” is important since many corn and rice products are produced in factories that also manufacture wheat products. Hidden sources of gluten include additives such as modified food starch, preservatives, and stabilizers. Wheat and wheat products are often used as thickeners, stabilizers, and texture enhancers in foods. “Plain” meat, fish, rice, fruits, and vegetables do not contain gluten, so people with celiac disease can eat as much of these foods as they like. Recommending that people with celiac disease avoid oats is controversial because some people have been able to eat oats without having symptoms. Scientists are currently studying whether people with celiac disease can tolerate oats. Until the studies are complete, people with celiac disease should follow their physician’s or dietitian’s advice about eating oats. Examples of foods that are safe to eat and those that are not are provided in the table below. The gluten-free diet is challenging. It requires a completely new approach to eating that affects a person’s entire life. Newly diagnosed people and their families may find support groups to be particularly helpful as they learn to adjust to a new way of life. People with celiac disease have to be extremely careful about what they buy for lunch at school or work, what they purchase at the grocery store, what they eat at restaurants or parties, or what they grab for a snack. Eating out can be a challenge. If a person with celiac disease is in doubt about a menu item, ask the waiter or chef about ingredients and preparation, or if a gluten-free menu is available. Gluten is also used in some medications. One should check with the pharmacist to learn whether medications used contain gluten. Since gluten is also sometimes used as an additive in unexpected products, it is important to read all labels. If the ingredients are not listed on the product label, the manufacturer of the product should provide the list upon request. With practice, screening for gluten becomes second nature. The Gluten-free Diet: Some Examples In 2006, the American Dietetic Association updated its recommendations for a gluten-free diet. The following chart is based on the 2006 recommendations. This list is not complete, so people with celiac disease should discuss gluten-free food choices with a dietitian or physician who specializes in celiac disease. People with celiac disease should always read food ingredient lists carefully to make sure that the food does not contain gluten. Allowed Foods Amaranth Arrowroot Buckwheat Cassava Corn Flax Indian rice grass Job’s tears Legumes Millet Nuts Potatoes Quinoa Rice Sago Seeds Soy Sorghum Tapioca Wild Rice Yucca Foods To Avoid Wheat Including einkorn, emmer, spelt, kalmut Wheat starch, wheat bran, wheat germ, cracked wheat, hydrolyzed wheat protein Barley Rye Triticale (a cross between wheat and rye) Other Wheat Products Bromated flour Durum flour Enriched flour Farina Graham flour Phosphated flour Plain flour Self-rising flour Semolina White flour Processed Foods That May Contain Wheat, Barley, or Rye * Bouillon cubes Brown rice syrup Chips/potato chips Candy Cold cuts, hot dogs, salami, sausage Communion wafer French fries Gravy Imitation fish Matzo Rice mixes Sauces Seasoned tortilla chips Self-basting turkey Soups Soy sauce Vegetables in sauce * Most of these foods can be found gluten-free. When in doubt, check with the food manufacturer. Adapted from the following resource: Thompson T. Celiac Disease Nutrition Guide , 2nd ed. Chicago: American Dietetic Association; 2006. Used with permission. For a complete copy of the Celiac Disease Nutrition Guide , please visit www.eatright.org . [ Top ] What are the complications of celiac disease? Damage to the small intestine and the resulting nutrient absorption problems put a person with celiac disease at risk for malnutrition, anemia, and several other diseases and health problems. Lymphoma and adenocarcinoma are cancers that can develop in the intestine. Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones become weak, brittle, and prone to breaking. Poor calcium absorption contributes to osteoporosis. Miscarriage and congenital malformation of the baby, such as neural tube defects, are risks for pregnant women with untreated celiac disease because of nutrient absorption problems. Short stature refers to being significantly under the average height. Short stature results when childhood celiac disease prevents nutrient absorption during the years when nutrition is critical to a child’s normal growth and development. Children who are diagnosed and treated before their growth stops may have a catch-up period. [ Top ] How common is celiac disease? Data on the prevalence of celiac disease is spotty. In Italy about 1 in 250 people, and in Ireland about 1 in 300 people, have celiac disease. Recent studies have shown that it may be more common in Africa, South America, and Asia than previously believed. Until recently, celiac disease was thought to be uncommon in the United States. However, studies have shown that celiac disease is very common. Recent findings estimate about 2 million people in the United States have celiac disease, or about 1 in 133 people. Among people who have a first-degree relative diagnosed with celiac disease, as many as 1 in 22 people may have the disease. Celiac disease could be underdiagnosed in the United States for a number of reasons including: Celiac symptoms can be attributed to other problems. Many doctors and health care providers are not knowledgeable about the disease. Only a small number of U.S. laboratories are experienced and skilled in testing for celiac disease. More research is needed to learn the true prevalence of celiac disease among Americans. [ Top ] Diseases Linked to Celiac Disease People with celiac disease tend to have other autoimmune diseases. The connection between celiac disease and these diseases may be genetic. These diseases include thyroid disease systemic lupus erythematosus type 1 diabetes liver disease collagen vascular disease rheumatoid arthritis Sjögren’s syndrome [ Top ] Dermatitis Herpetiformis Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a severe, itchy, blistering skin manifestation of celiac disease. Not all people with celiac disease develop dermatitis herpetiformis. The rash usually occurs on the elbows, knees, and buttocks. Unlike other forms of celiac disease, the range of intestinal abnormalities in DH is highly variable, from minimal to severe. Only about 20 percent of people with DH have intestinal symptoms of celiac disease. To diagnose DH, the doctor will test the person’s blood for autoantibodies related to celiac disease and will biopsy the person’s skin. If the antibody tests are positive and the skin biopsy has the typical findings of DH, patients do not need to have an intestinal biopsy. Both the skin disease and the intestinal disease respond to a gluten-free diet and recur if gluten is added back into diet. In addition, the rash symptoms can be controlled with medications such as dapsone (4’,4’diamino-diphenylsuphone). However, dapsone does not treat the intestinal condition and people with DH should also maintain a gluten-free diet. [ Top ] Hope Through Research The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) conducts and supports research on celiac disease. NIDDK-supported researchers are studying the genetic and environmental causes of celiac disease. In addition, researchers are studying the substances found in gluten that are believed to be responsible for the destruction of the immune system function, as happens in celiac disease. They are engineering enzymes designed to destroy these immunotoxic peptides. Researchers are also developing educational materials for standardized medical training to raise awareness among healthcare providers. The hope is that increased understanding and awareness will lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease. [ Top ] Points to Remember People with celiac disease cannot tolerate gluten, a protein in wheat, rye, barley, and possibly oats. Untreated celiac disease damages the small intestine and interferes with nutrient absorption. Without treatment, people with celiac disease can develop complications like cancer, osteoporosis, anemia, and seizures. A person with celiac disease may or may not have symptoms. Diagnosis involves blood tests and a biopsy of the small intestine. Since celiac disease is hereditary, family members of a person with celiac disease may wish to be tested. Celiac disease is treated by eliminating all gluten from the diet. The gluten-free diet is a lifetime requirement. A dietitian can teach a person with celiac disease food selection, label reading, and other strategies to help manage the disease. [ Top ] For More Information American Dietetic Association 120 South Riverside Plaza, Suite 2000 Chicago, IL 60606–6995 Phone: 1–800–877–1600 Email: knowledge@eatright.org Internet: www.eatright.org Celiac Disease Foundation 13251 Ventura Boulevard, #1 Studio City, CA 91604 Phone: 818–990–2354 Fax: 818–990–2379 Email: cdf@celiac.org Internet: www.celiac.org Celiac Sprue Association/USA Inc. P.O. Box 31700 Omaha, NE 68131–0700 Phone: 1–877–272–4272 or 402–558–0600 Fax: 402–558–1347 Email: celiacs@csaceliacs.org Internet: www.csaceliacs.org Gluten Intolerance Group of North America 31214 124th Avenue SE Auburn, WA 98092 Phone: 253–833–6655 Fax: 253–833–6675 Email: info@gluten.net Internet: www.gluten.net National Foundation for Celiac Awareness 124 South Maple Street Ambler, PA 19002 Phone: 215–325–1306 Email: info@celiaccentral.org Internet: www.celiaccentral.org North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) P.O. Box 6 Flourtown, PA 19031 Phone: 215–233–0808 Fax: 215–233–3918 Email: naspghan@naspghan.org Internet: www.naspghan.org www.cdhnf.org [ Top ] Acknowledgments This fact sheet was reviewed by Ciaran Kelly, M.D., Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Mitchell Cohen, M.D., Cincinnati, Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Walter Reed Army Medical Center; National Foundation for Celiac Awareness; Celiac Disease Foundation; Celiac Sprue Association/USA Inc.; and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention staff. The gluten-free diet chart was reviewed by Alice Bast and Nancy Dickens, National Foundation for Celiac Awareness; Cynthia Kupper, R.D., C.D., Gluten Intolerance Group; and Elaine Monarch, Celiac Disease Foundation. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",59);arrFiles[23]=new Array(24,"Small-Intestine.gif","2007-05-04","Small-Intestine.gif","","","",8);arrFiles[24]=new Array(25,"villi.gif","2007-05-04","villi.gif","","","",8);arrFiles[25]=new Array(26,"allergy_symptoms.html","2007-05-15","Symtoms.org - Allergy Symtoms. Treatment & Signs","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","Allergy Symtoms. Dust, cats, peanuts, cockroaches. An odd grouping, but one with a common thread: allergies - a major cause of illness in the United States. Up to 50 million Americans, including millions of children, have some type of allergy. In fact, a","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map Allergy Symptoms Dust, cats, peanuts, cockroaches. An odd grouping, but one with a common thread: allergies - a major cause of illness in the United States. Up to 50 million Americans, including millions of children, have some type of allergy. In fact, allergies account for the loss of an estimated 2 million school days per year. What Are Allergies? An allergy is an overreaction of the immune system to a substance that \'s harmless to most people. But in someone with an allergy, the body \'s immune system treats the substance (called an allergen ) as an invader and reacts inappropriately, resulting in symptoms that can be anywhere from annoying to possibly harmful to the person. In an attempt to protect the body, the immune system of the allergic person produces antibodies called immunoglobulin E (IgE). Those antibodies then cause mast cells (which are allergy cells in the body) to release chemicals, including histamine , into the bloodstream to defend against the allergen invader. It \'s the release of these chemicals that causes allergic reactions, affecting a person \'s eyes, nose, throat, lungs, skin, or gastrointestinal tract as the body attempts to rid itself of the invading allergen. Future exposure to that same allergen (things like nuts or pollen that you can be allergic to) will trigger this allergic response again. This means every time that person eats that particular food or is exposed to that particular allergen, he or she will have an allergic reaction. Who Gets Allergies? The tendency to develop allergies is often hereditary, which means it can be passed down through your genes. However, just because you, your partner, or one of your children might have allergies doesn \'t mean that all of your children will definitely get them, too. And a person usually doesn \'t inherit a particular allergy, just the likelihood of having allergies. But a few children have allergies even if no family member is allergic. And if a child is allergic to one substance, it \'s likely that he or she will be allergic to others as well. What Are the Most Common Airborne Allergens? Some of the most common things people are allergic to are airborne (carried through the air): Dust mites are one of the most common causes of allergies. These microscopic insects live all around us and feed on the millions of dead skin cells that fall off our bodies every day. Dust mites are the main allergic component of house dust, which is made up of many particles and can contain things such as fabric fibers and bacteria, as well as microscopic animal allergens. Present year-round in most parts of the United States (although they don \'t live at high altitudes), dust mites live in bedding, upholstery, and carpets. Pollen is another major cause of allergies (most people know pollen allergy as hay fever or rose fever ). Trees, weeds, and grasses release these tiny particles into the air to fertilize other plants. Pollen allergies are seasonal, and the type of pollen a child is allergic to determines when he or she will have symptoms. For example, in the mid-Atlantic states, tree pollination begins in February and March, grass from May through June, and ragweed from August through October; so people with these allergies are likely to experience increased symptoms during those times. Pollen counts measure how much pollen is in the air and can help people with allergies determine how bad their symptoms might be on any given day. Pollen counts are usually higher in the morning and on warm, dry, breezy days, whereas they \'re lowest when it \'s chilly and wet. Although they \'re not exact, the local weather report \'s pollen count can be helpful when planning outside activities. Molds , another common allergen, are fungi that thrive both indoors and out in warm, moist environments. Outdoors, molds may be found in poor drainage areas, such as in piles of rotting leaves or compost piles. Indoors, molds thrive in dark, poorly ventilated places such as bathrooms and damp basements with water leaks or floods. A musty odor suggests mold growth. Although molds tend to be seasonal, many can grow year-round, especially those indoors. Pet allergens from warm-blooded animals can cause problems for kids and parents alike. When the animal - often a household pet - licks itself, the saliva gets on its fur or feathers. As the saliva dries, protein particles become airborne and work their way into fabrics in the home. Cats are the worst offenders because the protein from their saliva is extremely tiny and they tend to lick themselves more than other animals as part of grooming. Cockroaches are also a major household allergen, especially in inner cities. Exposure to cockroach-infested buildings may be a major cause of the high rates of asthma in inner-city children. What Are the Most Common Food Allergens? The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology estimates that up to 2 million, or 8%, of children in the United States are affected by food allergies, and that eight foods account for most of those food allergy reactions in kids: eggs, fish, milk, peanuts, shellfish, soy, tree nuts, and wheat. Cow \'s milk (or cow \'s milk protein): Between 1% and 7.5% of infants are allergic to the proteins found in cow \'s milk and cow \'s milk-based formulas. About 80% of formulas on the market are cow \'s milk-based. Cow \'s milk protein allergy (also called formula protein allergy ) means that the infant (or child or adult) has an abnormal immune system reaction to proteins found in the cow \'s milk used to make standard baby formulas. Eggs: One of the most common food allergies in infants and young children, egg allergy can pose many challenges for parents. Because eggs are used in many of the foods kids eat - and in many cases they \'re hidden ingredients - an egg allergy is hard to diagnose. An egg allergy usually begins when children are very young, but most outgrow the allergy by age 5. Most kids with an egg allergy are allergic to the proteins in egg whites, but some can \'t tolerate proteins in the yolk. Fish and shellfish: The proteins in fish can cause a number of different types of allergic reactions, including a gastrointestinal reaction that leads to diarrhea and vomiting. Children can also have skin reactions to fish causing itching and dryness. Fish allergy is also one of the more common adult food allergies and one that children don \'t always grow out of. Peanuts and tree nuts: Peanuts are one of the most severe food allergens, often causing life-threatening reactions. About 1.5 million people in the United States are allergic to peanuts (which are not a true nut, but a legume - in the same family as peas and lentils). Half of those allergic to peanuts are also allergic to tree nuts, such as almonds, walnuts, pecans, cashews, and often sunflower and sesame seeds. Soy: Like peanuts, soybeans are legumes. Soy allergy is more prevalent among babies than older children; about 30% to 40% of infants who are allergic to cow \'s milk are also allergic to the protein in soy formulas. Wheat: Wheat proteins are found in many of the foods we eat - some are more obvious than others. As with any allergy, an allergy to wheat can happen in different ways and to different degrees. Although wheat allergy is often confused with celiac disease, there is a difference. Celiac disease is caused by a permanent sensitivity to gluten, which is found in wheat, oat, rye, and barley. It typically develops between 6 months and 2 years of age and the sensitivity causes damage to the small intestine. What Are Some Other Common Allergens? Insect Stings: For most children, being stung by an insect means swelling, redness, and itching at the site of the bite, in addition to a few tears. But for children with insect venom allergy, an insect bite can cause more severe symptoms. Although some doctors and parents have believed that most children eventually outgrow insect venom allergy, a recent study found that insect venom allergies often persist into adulthood. Medicines: Antibiotics - medications used to treat infections - are the most common types of medicines that cause allergic reactions. Many other medicines, including over-the-counter medications, can also cause allergic reactions. Chemicals: Some cosmetics or laundry detergents can cause people to break out in an itchy rash. Usually, this is because the person has a reaction to the chemicals in these products. Dyes, household cleaners, and pesticides used on lawns or plants can also cause allergic reactions in some people. Some children also have what are called cross-reactions . For example, kids who are allergic to birch pollen might have reactions when they eat an apple because that apple is made up of a protein similar to one in the pollen. Another example is that children who are allergic to latex (as in gloves or certain types of hospital equipment) are more likely to be allergic to kiwifruit or bananas. What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Allergies? The type and severity of allergy symptoms vary from allergy to allergy and child to child. Symptoms can range from minor or major seasonal annoyances (for example, from pollen or certain molds) to year-round problems (from allergens like dust mites or food). Because different allergens are more prevalent in different parts of the country and the world, allergy symptoms can also vary, depending on where you live. For example, peanut allergy is unknown in Scandinavia, where they don \'t eat peanuts, but is common in the United States, where peanuts are not only a popular food, but are also found in many of the things we eat. Airborne Allergy Symptoms Airborne allergens can cause something known allergic rhinitis , which occurs in about 15% to 20% of Americans. It typically develops by 10 years of age and reaches its peak in the early 20s, with symptoms often disappearing between the ages of 40 and 60. Symptoms can include: sneezing itchy nose and/or throat nasal congestion coughing These symptoms are often accompanied by itchy, watery, and/or red eyes, which is called allergic conjunctivitis . (When dark circles are present around the eyes, it \'s called allergic shiners ). Those who react to airborne allergens usually have allergic rhinitis and/or allergic conjunctivitis. If a person has these symptoms, as well as wheezing and shortness of breath, the allergy may have progressed to become asthma. Food Allergy Symptoms The severity of food allergy symptoms and when they develop depends on: how much of the food is eaten the amount of exposure the child has had to the food the child \'s sensitivity to the food Symptoms of food allergies can include: itchy mouth and throat when food is swallowed (some children have only this symptom - called oral allergy syndrome) hives (raised, red, itchy bumps) rash runny, itchy nose abdominal cramps accompanied by nausea and vomiting or diarrhea (as the body attempts to flush out the food allergen) Insect Venom Allergy Symptoms Being stung by an insect that a child is allergic to may cause some of the following symptoms: throat swelling hives over the entire body difficulty breathing nausea diarrhea What \'s Anaphylaxis? In rare instances, if the sensitivity to an allergen is extreme, a child may experience anaphylaxis (or anaphylactic shock ) - a sudden, severe allergic reaction involving various systems in the body (such as the skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and cardiovascular system). Severe symptoms or reactions to any allergen, from certain foods to insect bites, require immediate medical attention and can include: difficulty breathing swelling (particularly of the face, throat, lips, and tongue in cases of food allergies) rapid drop in blood pressure dizziness unconsciousness hives tightness of the throat hoarse voice nausea vomiting abdominal pain diarrhea lightheadedness Anaphylaxis can happen just seconds after being exposed to a triggering substance or can be delayed for up to 2 hours if the reaction is from a food. It can involve various areas of the body. Fortunately, though, severe or life-threatening allergies occur in only a small group of children. In fact, the annual incidence of anaphylactic reactions is small - about 30 per 100,000 people - although those with asthma, eczema, or hay fever are at greater risk of experiencing them. Most - up to 80% - of the anaphylactic reactions are caused by peanuts or tree nuts. How Are Allergies Diagnosed? Some allergies are fairly easy to identify because the pattern of symptoms following exposure to certain allergens can be hard to miss. But other allergies are less obvious because they can masquerade as other conditions. If your child has cold-like symptoms lasting longer than a week or 2 or develops a cold at the same time every year, consult your child \'s doctor, who will likely ask questions about your child \'s symptoms and when they appear. Based on the answers to these questions and a physical exam, your child \'s doctor may be able to make a diagnosis and prescribe medications or may refer you to an allergist for allergy skin tests and more extensive therapy. To determine the cause of an allergy, an allergist will likely perform skin tests for the most common environmental and food allergens. Skin tests can be done in young infants, but they \'re more reliable in children over the age of 2 years. A skin test can work in one of two ways: A drop of a purified liquid form of the allergen is dropped onto the skin and the area is pinched with a small pricking device. A small amount of allergen is injected just under the skin. This test stings a little but isn \'t extremely painful. After about 15 minutes, if a lump surrounded by a reddish area appears (like a mosquito bite) at the injection site, the test is positive. If reactions to a food or other allergen are severe, a blood test may be used to diagnose the allergy so as to avoid exposure to the offending allergen. Skin tests are less expensive and more sensitive than blood tests for allergies. But blood tests may be required in children with skin conditions or those who are extremely sensitive to a particular allergen. Blood tests are also helpful in deciding whether a child has outgrown a food allergy, because the skin tests tend to remain positive even after the food allergy has disappeared. Even if a skin test and/or a blood test shows an allergy, a child must also have symptoms to be definitively diagnosed with an allergy. For example, a toddler who has a positive test for dust mites and sneezes frequently while playing on the floor would be considered allergic to dust mites. How Are Allergies Treated? There is no real cure for allergies, but it is possible to relieve a child \'s symptoms. The only real way to cope with them on a daily basis is to reduce or eliminate exposure to allergens. That means that parents must educate their children early and often, not only about the allergy itself but also about what reaction they will have if they consume or come into contact with the offending allergen. Informing any and all caregivers (from child-care personnel to teachers, from extended family members to parents of your child \'s friends) about your child \'s allergy is equally important to help keep your child \'s allergy symptoms to a minimum. If reducing exposure isn \'t possible or is ineffective, medications may be prescribed including antihistamines (which you can also buy over the counter) and inhaled or nasal spray steroids. In some cases, an allergist may recommend immunotherapy (allergy shots) to help desensitize your child. And here are some things that can help your child avoid airborne allergens: Keep family pets out of certain rooms, like your child \'s bedroom, and bathe them if necessary. Remove carpets or rugs from your child \'s room (hard floor surfaces don \'t collect dust as much as carpets do). Don \'t hang heavy drapes and get rid of other items that allow dust to accumulate. Clean frequently. Use special covers to seal pillows and mattresses if your child is allergic to dust mites. If your child is allergic to pollen, keep your windows closed when the pollen season \'s at its peak, change your child \'s clothing after being outdoors, and don \'t let your child mow the lawn. Have your child avoid damp areas, such as basements, if he or she is allergic to mold, and keep bathrooms and other mold-prone areas clean and dry. What Does Injectable Epinephrine Do? Food allergies usually aren \'t lifelong (although those to peanut, tree nut, and seafood can be). Avoiding the food is the only way to avoid symptoms while the sensitivity persists. If your child is extremely sensitive to a particular food, or if he or she has asthma in addition to the food allergy, your child \'s doctor will probably recommend that you carry injectable epinephrine (adrenaline) to counteract any allergic reactions. He or she may also recommend carrying injectable epinephrine if your child is allergic to insect venom. Available in an easy-to-carry container that looks like a pen, injectable epinephrine is carried by millions of parents across the country everywhere they go. With one injection into the thigh, the device administers epinephrine to ease the allergic reaction. An injectable epinephrine prescription usually includes two auto-injections and a trainer that contains no needle or epinephrine, but allows you and your child (if he or she is old enough) to practice using the device. It \'s essential that you familiarize yourself with the procedure by practicing with the trainer. Your child \'s doctor can also give you instructions on how to use and store injectable epinephrine. If your child is 12 years or older, make sure he or she keeps injectable epinephrine readily available at all times. If your child is younger than 12, talk to the school nurse, your child \'s teacher, and your child-care provider about keeping injectable epinephrine on hand in case of an emergency. It \'s also important to make sure that injectable epinephrine devices are available at your home, as well as at the homes of friends and family members if your child spends time there. Your child \'s doctor may also encourage your child to wear a medical alert bracelet. It \'s also a good idea to carry an over-the-counter antihistamine, which can help alleviate allergy symptoms in some people. But antihistamines should not be used as a replacement for the epinephrine pen. Kids who have had to take injectable epinephrine should go immediately to a medical facility or hospital emergency department, where additional treatment can be given if needed. Up to one third of anaphylactic reactions can have a second wave of symptoms several hours following the initial attack, so these kids might need to be observed in a clinic or hospital for 4 to 8 hours following the reaction even though they seem well. The good news is that only a very small group of kids will experience severe or life-threatening allergies. With proper diagnosis, preventive measures, and treatment, most children will be able to keep their allergies in check and live, happy, healthy lives. Updated and reviewed by: Barbara P. Homeier, MD Date reviewed: June 2005 Originally reviewed by: Denise DiPrimio-Kalman and Kathleen Trzcinski, RN, MSN C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",48);arrFiles[26]=new Array(27,"ibs_symptoms.html","2007-05-15","Symtoms.org - IBS Symtoms Irritable Bowel Syndrome.","ibs symptoms, food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symp","IBS Symtoms. Irritable Bowel Syndrome is a common problem with the intestines. In people with IBS, the intestines squeeze too hard or not hard enough and cause food to move too quickly or too slowly through the intestines. IBS usually begins around age 2","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Tips on Controlling Your IBS Symptoms What is irritable bowel syndrome? Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common problem with the intestines. In people with IBS, the intestines squeeze too hard or not hard enough and cause food to move too quickly or too slowly through the intestines. IBS usually begins around age 20 and is more common in women. IBS is also called functional bowel syndrome, irritable colon, spastic bowel and spastic colon. It \'s not the same as inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis. What are the symptoms of IBS? The symptoms may get worse when you \'re under stress, such as when you travel, attend social events or change your daily routine. Your symptoms may also get worse if you don \'t eat enough healthy foods or after you \'ve eaten a big meal. Some people are bothered by certain foods. Women who have IBS may notice more frequent symptoms during their menstrual periods. Common symptoms of IBS Bloating and gas Mucus in the stool Constipation Diarrhea, especially after eating or first thing in the morning Feeling like you still need to have a bowel movement after you \'ve already had one Feeling a strong urge to have a bowel movement Abdominal pain and cramping that may go away after having a bowel movement How is IBS diagnosed? Your doctor may start by asking you questions about your symptoms. If your symptoms have had a pattern over time, the pattern may make it clear to your doctor that IBS is the cause. If your symptoms have just started, something else may be the cause. Your doctor may need to do some tests, such as a blood test or colonoscopy, to make sure that your symptoms aren \'t caused by something other than IBS. How is IBS treated? The best way to handle IBS is to eat a healthy diet, avoid foods that seem to make you feel worse and find ways to handle your stress. Why may fiber be helpful? Fiber can be helpful because it improves how the intestines work. There are 2 types of fiber: Soluble fiber helps both diarrhea and constipation. It dissolves in water and forms a gel-like material. Many foods contain soluble fiber such as apples, beans and citrus fruits. Psyllium, a natural vegetable fiber, is a also a soluble fiber. You can buy psyllium supplements (some brand names: Fiberall, Metamucil, Perdiem) to drink and you can add it to other foods. Insoluble fiber helps constipation by moving material through your digestive system and adding bulk to your stool. Insoluble fiber is in whole grain breads, wheat bran and many vegetables. Increase the fiber in your diet slowly. Some people feel bloated and have gas if they increase their fiber intake too quickly. Gas and bloating usually improve as you get used to eating more fiber. The best way to increase your fiber intake is eat a wide variety of high fiber foods. For more information, read the handout, Fiber: How to Increase the Amount in Your Diet. Do certain foods cause IBS? No. Foods don \'t cause IBS. But some foods may make you feel worse. Foods that may make symptoms worse include foods high in fat or caffeine. Fat and caffeine can cause your intestines to contract, which may cause cramping. Alcohol and chocolate may also make you feel worse. If gas is a problem for you, you might want to avoid foods that tend to make gas worse. These include beans, cabbage and some fruits. Keeping a diary of what you eat and what your symptoms are for a few weeks may be a good way to find out if a food bothers you. If you think a food makes you feel worse, don \'t eat it. But don \'t cut out foods unless they have caused you problems more than once. What about milk and milk products? If milk and other dairy products bother you, you may have lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerance means that your body can \'t digest lactose (the sugar in milk). Dairy products may seem to make IBS symptoms worse if you \'re lactose intolerant. If this seems to be the case, you may need to limit the amount of milk and milk products in your diet. Talk to your family doctor if you think you have trouble digesting dairy products. How can stress affect IBS? Stress may trigger symptoms in people with IBS. Talk to your family doctor about ways to deal with stress, such as exercise, relaxation training or meditation. He or she may have some suggestions or may refer you to someone who can give you some ideas. Your doctor may also suggest that you talk to a counselor about things that are bothering you. Can my doctor prescribe medicine for IBS? There is no cure for IBS. However, if you \'re having bad symptoms, your doctor may prescribe medicine to help you manage or lessen your symptoms. For example, antispasmodic medicines may be prescribed to reduce cramping if your main symptom is pain. Hyoscyamine (some brand names: Anaspaz, Cystospaz, Levsin) and dicyclomine (some brand names: Bentyl, Di-Spaz) help relax the spasms in the colon. Heating pads and hot baths can also be comforting. When diarrhea is a frequent problem, medicine such as loperamide (brand name: Imodium) may help. Your doctor may give you tranquilizers or sedatives for short periods to treat anxiety that may be making your symptoms worse. Your doctor may prescribe an antidepressant for you if your symptoms are severe and you are feeling depressed. Will IBS get worse over time? No. While IBS will probably recur throughout your life, it won \'t get worse. It doesn \'t cause cancer or require surgery, and it won \'t shorten your life. What if IBS interferes with my daily activities? IBS may have caused you to avoid doing certain things, like going out or going to work or school. While it may take some time for your efforts to pay off, you may find new freedom by following a plan that includes a healthy diet, learning new ways to deal with your stress and avoiding foods that may make your symptoms worse. Tips on controlling IBS Eat a varied healthy diet and avoid foods high in fat. Drink plenty of water. Try eating 6 small meals a day rather than 3 larger ones. Learn new and better ways to deal with your stress. Avoid using laxatives. They may weaken your intestines and cause you to be dependent on them. American Academy of Family Physicians Reviewed/Updated: 12/06 Note: All information on Symtoms.org is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",34);arrFiles[27]=new Array(28,"wideboxtop.gif","2007-05-04","wideboxtop.gif","","","",1);arrFiles[28]=new Array(29,"wideboxbottom.gif","2007-05-04","wideboxbottom.gif","","","",1);arrFiles[29]=new Array(30,"ntop.gif","2007-05-04","ntop.gif","","","",1);arrFiles[30]=new Array(31,"nbottom.gif","2007-05-04","nbottom.gif","","","",1);arrFiles[31]=new Array(32,"g11line02.gif","2007-05-04","g11line02.gif","","","",1);arrFiles[32]=new Array(33,"menuleft.html","2007-05-05","Symtoms.org - Left Menu","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","Symptoms - indication of illness felt by patient: an indication of a disease or other disorder, especially one experienced by the patient, e.g. pain, dizziness, or itching, as opposed to one observed by the doctor sign","Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infection Other links: Medical News GuestBook GuestBook",6);arrFiles[33]=new Array(34,"urinary_tract_infection_symptoms.shtml","2007-05-15","Symtoms.org - Urinary Tract Infection Symtoms & Signs of Disease","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","Urinary Tract Infection Symtoms. (UTIs) are caused by bacteria that invade the urinary system and multiply, leading to an infection. UTIs are very common; approximately eight to ten million people seek professional medical assistance annually for this di","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map Urinary Tract Infection Symptoms Anatomy | Causes-Risks | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by bacteria that invade the urinary system and multiply, leading to an infection. UTIs are very common; approximately eight to ten million people seek professional medical assistance annually for this disease. Women are affected more than men, although men and children can get UTIs. Approximately one woman in five will have a urinary tract infection in her lifetime. Most infections are not serious and can be easily treated with antibiotics. However, if left untreated, some infections can result in kidney damage and even death. This is why it is so important to seek appropriate medical treatment if a UTI is suspected. Anatomy and Function The urinary tract is made up of the kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, and urethra. The major components are the kidneys, a pair of bean-shaped organs located below the ribs near the middle of one \'s back. The kidneys comprise a complex filtration system made up of individual nephrons that work together to remove waste products from the blood, which are eliminated from the body in the form of urine. The kidneys also function to maintain a stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood, as well as to produce a hormone erythropoietin, which triggers the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. The ureters are tube-like structures that transport the urine from the kidneys to the bladder where the urine is stored. Muscles called sphincters tighten around the urethra to prevent urine from leaking out. There are two sphincters: the internal is not controlled consciously, while the external sphincter is under voluntary control. The bladder is elastic and expands as it fills with urine. When the bladder reaches a certain capacity, which differs for each individual, the brain sends impulses to the internal sphincter to relax and other impulses to a muscle called the detrusor to contract and expel the urine out the urethra. This process is under the voluntary control of the individual, who can hold the urine until social circumstances allow for urination. (Loss of this control is urinary incontinence.) Urine is normally sterile, meaning that it usually contains no bacteria. The body accomplishes this through several methods. First, the two sphincter muscles that prevent urine leaking from the bladder to the urethra, also prevent the bacteria that normally colonize the skin from ascending through the meatus (the opening in the urethra) into the bladder. Second, the length of the urethra makes it difficult for bacteria to get to the bladder. The fact that women have a much shorter urethra than men accounts for the five-fold increase of UTIs among women compared to men. Finally, if bacteria do make it to the bladder, the body is equipped with valves where the ureters empty into the bladder, a region known as the trigone. These valves prevent the reflux of urine, and any bacteria present, back up into the kidneys. Further, the bladder almost completely empties when urination occurs, so that any bacteria present should be excreted as well. Nevertheless, despite all these defense mechanisms, infections sometimes occur. to top Causes and Risks There are three types of urinary tract infections: Urethritis — is infection of the urethra. Cystitis — is infection of the bladder. Pyelonephritis — is infection of the kidneys. UTIs are often categorized as simple (uncomplicated) or complicated . Simple UTIs are infections that occur in normal urinary tracts. Complicated UTIs occur in abnormal urinary tracts or when the bacteria causing the infection is resistant to many antibiotic medications. Large numbers of bacteria live on the skin and around the rectal area. Bacteria may get into the urine from the urethra and travel into the bladder. It may even travel up to the kidney. But no matter how far it goes, bacteria in the urinary tract can cause problems. The factors associated with an increased risk of UTI include: Females (Short urethra providing bacteria easier access to urinary tract) Postmenopausal Women (Loss of protective effects of estrogen on vaginal lining) Sexual Intercourse Diaphragm or Condom/Spermicidal Foam Use Urinary Tract Instrumentation (Urinary catheter, cystoscopy etc.) Urinary Tract Abnormality or Obstruction (Neurogenic bladder, prostate enlargement etc.) Anatomical Abnormalities (Ureteropelvic junction obstruction, bladder diverticuli. etc.) Other Illnesses and Disorders (Diabetes, spinal cord injury etc.) to top Symptoms Symptoms associated with lower urinary tract infection include abdominal pain, urinary frequency, urgency, burning, and sensation of incomplete bladder emptying. In addition, the urine may be cloudy and have an unpleasant odor. Kidney infections often cause fevers and back pain. These infections need to be treated promptly because a kidney infection can quickly spread into the bloodstream and cause a life-threatening condition. Diagnosis The evaluation of a suspected UTI involves a detailed history and physical exam. The urine will be examined for the presence of white blood cells (pyuria), red blood cells (hematuria) and bacteria (bacteriuria). If a UTI is suspected, the urine is cultured to determine what type of bacteria is growing and which antibiotics will be effective in killing it (sensitivity test). If infection recurs, diagnostic studies of the urinary tract should be considered to rule out defects that may cause the infection e.g. kidney stones; diverticula, small pockets that bulge out of the bladder or urethra and contain urine; a narrowing of one of the tubes of the urinary tract; or a cystocele, a condition in women where the structures that support the bladder weaken and allow the bladder to protrude into the vagina. to top Treatment UTIs are treated with antibacterial drugs. The type of drug used and the duration of treatment depend on the type of bacteria and severity of infection. Infections complicated by urinary obstruction (e.g., kidney stone, BPH) and other risk factors (e.g., spinal cord injury) may require surgery to correct the cause of UTI. Kidney infections may require hospitalization and as many as 6 weeks of antibiotic treatment to prevent serious kidney damage. Follow up urinalysis and urine culture is performed after treatment to make sure that the urinary tract is bacteria free. to top Note: All information on Symtoms.org is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",27);arrFiles[34]=new Array(35,"menuleft.shtml","2007-05-05","Symtoms.org - Left Menu","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","Symptoms - indication of illness felt by patient: an indication of a disease or other disorder, especially one experienced by the patient, e.g. pain, dizziness, or itching, as opposed to one observed by the doctor sign","Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infection Other links: Medical News GuestBook",6);arrFiles[35]=new Array(36,"anxiety_symptoms.html","2007-05-15","Symtoms.org - Anxiety Symtoms & Signs of Disease","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","Anxiety Attacks and Disorders: Symtoms, Types, and Treatment. We all feel anxious sometimes, but if you have an anxiety disorder you may be overwhelmed with fear and worry. Fortunately, there are effective treatments for anxiety attacks and disorders.","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map Anxiety Attacks and Disorders: Symptoms, Types, and Treatment We all feel anxious sometimes, but if you have an anxiety disorder you may be overwhelmed with fear and worry. Fortunately, there are effective treatments for anxiety attacks and disorders. Therapy, relaxation techniques, and a balanced, healthy lifestyle can help you reduce your anxiety and take back control of your life. In This Article: What is anxiety? Causes and risk factors Anxiety disorders Diagnosis Anxiety attacks Treatment Symptoms of anxiety disorders Self-help Types of anxiety disorders What is anxiety? We all know what it’s like to feel anxious. Most of us experience anxiety when we’re faced with stressful situations or traumatic events. Our heart may pound before a big presentation or a tough exam. We may get butterflies in our stomach during a blind date. We worry and fret over family problems or feel jittery at the prospect of asking our boss for a raise. Anxiety is part of our natural “fight-or-flight” response. It’s our body’s way of warning us of danger ahead. And for the most part, anxiety is adaptive. It gears us up for life’s challenges and spurs us to action when we’re faced with a threat. However, if anxiety is preventing you from living your life the way you’d like to, you may be suffering from an anxiety disorder. What is an anxiety disorder? According to the National Institute of Mental Health, anxiety disorders are the most common type of mental illness in the U.S., with approximately 40 million people over the age of 18 affected each year. Anxiety disorders can take many forms. You may experience free-floating anxiety without knowing exactly why you’re feeling that way. You may suffer from sudden, intense panic attacks that strike without warning. Your anxiety may come in the form of extreme social inhibition or in unwanted obsessions and compulsions. Or you may have a phobia of an object or situation that doesn’t seem to bother other people. Despite their different forms, all anxiety disorders share one thing in common: persistent—and often overwhelming—fear or worry. The frequency and intensity of these fears can be immobilizing, distressing, and disruptive. Characteristics of an anxiety disorder include: Anxiety which is constant, unrelenting, and all-consuming Anxiety which causes self-imposed isolation or emotional withdrawal Anxiety which interferes with normal activities like going outside or interacting with other people The toll an anxiety disorder takes on your life can lead to other problems as well, such as low self-esteem, depression, and alcoholism. Anxiety can also negatively impact your work and your personal relationships. But the good news is that anxiety disorders are highly treatable. With the help of a qualified mental health professional, you can get relief from your worries and lead the life that you want. What is an anxiety attack? Anxiety attacks, also called panic attacks, are unexpected episodes of intense terror or fear. Anxiety attacks usually come without warning, and although the fear is generally irrational, the perceived danger is very real. A person experiencing an anxiety attack will often feel as if they are about to die or pass out. Symptoms of an anxiety attack include: Shortness of breath Palpitations or pounding heart Chest pain or discomfort Trembling or shaking Dizziness Nausea or stomach distress Fear of losing control or going crazy Hot or cold flashes What are the symptoms of anxiety disorders? The primary symptoms of anxiety disorders are fear and worry. However, anxiety disorders are also characterized by additional emotional and physical symptoms. Emotional/Psychological Symptoms Apprehension, uneasiness, and dread Impaired concentration or selective attention Feeling restless or on edge Avoidance Hypervigilance Irritability Confusion Behavioral problems (especially in children and adolescents) Nervousness and jumpiness Self-consciousness and insecurity Fear that you are dying or going crazy Strong desire to escape Physical Symptoms Heart palpitations or racing heartbeat Chest pain Hot flashes or chills Cold and clammy hands Stomach upset or queasiness Frequent urination or diarrhea Shortness of breath Sweating Dizziness Tremors, twitches, and jitters Muscle tension or aches Headaches Fatigue Insomnia Because of the many physical symptoms involved in anxiety disorders, anxiety sufferers often mistakenly believe they have a medical illness. They may visit many doctors and make numerous trips to the hospital before their anxiety disorder is diagnosed. In fact, according to the Anxiety Disorders Association of America, people with anxiety disorders are 3-5 times more likely to go to the doctor than non-sufferers. Therefore, it is very important to be aware of the unexpected, physiological forms anxiety can take. What are the types of anxiety disorders? There are several major types of anxiety disorders, each with its own distinct profile and set of symptoms. Click on the links below for Helpguide’s in-depth overviews of the different anxiety disorders, including treatment options and self-help tips. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) – If constant worries and fears distract you from your day-to-day activities or you’re troubled by a persistent feeling that something bad is going to happen, you may be suffering from GAD. People with GAD feel anxious nearly all of the time, though they may not even know why. Anxiety related to GAD often manifests itself in physical symptoms like headaches, stomach upset, and fatigue. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) – OCD is characterized by unwanted thoughts or behaviors that seem impossible to stop or control. You may be troubled by obsessions, such as a recurring worry that you forgot to turn off the oven or that you might hurt someone. You may also suffer from uncontrollable compulsions, such as washing your hands over and over. Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder – Panic disorder is characterized by repeated, unexpected panic attacks. These panic attacks strike without warning and usually last a terrifying 15 to 30 minutes. Panic disorder may also be accompanied by agoraphobia, which is a fear of being in places where escape or help would be difficult in the event of a panic attack. If you have agoraphobia, you are likely to avoid public places such as shopping malls or confined spaces such as an airplane. Phobias – A phobia is an unrealistic or exaggerated fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that in reality presents little to no danger. Common phobias include fear of animals such as snakes and spiders, fear of flying, and fear of heights. In the case of a severe phobia, you might go to extreme lengths to avoid the thing you fear. Separation Anxiety – Separation anxiety is a normal part of child development. It consists of crying and distress when a child is separated from a parent or away from home. If separation anxiety persists beyond a certain age or interferes with daily activities, it may be a sign of separation anxiety disorder. Social Anxiety / Social Phobia – If you have a debilitating fear of being seen negatively by others and humiliated in public, you may have social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia. Social anxiety disorder can be thought of as extreme shyness. In severe cases, social situations are avoided altogether. Performance anxiety (better known as stage fright) is the most common type of social phobia. Facts about anxiety disorders from the National Institute of Mental Health: Most people with one anxiety disorder also have another anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders frequently co-occur with depressive disorders or substance abuse. Nearly 3/4 of those with an anxiety disorder have their first episode by age 21.5. What are the causes and risk factors for anxiety attacks and disorders? There are a number of complex factors that contribute to the development of anxiety disorders. Your environment, personality, family dynamics, brain chemistry, and genetics all can play a role. In addition, major life stressors such as financial difficulties, marital problems, or bereavement often trigger the onset of an anxiety disorder. It is important to realize that no single factor causes an anxiety disorder. The various anxiety risk factors are interrelated and can interact with and impact one another. Interrelated Anxiety Disorder Risk Factors Environmental factors A person’s environment can play a huge role in the development of anxiety disorders. Difficulties such as poverty, early separation from the mother, family conflict, critical and strict parents, parents who are fearful and anxious themselves, and the lack of a strong support system can all lead to chronic anxiety. Personality traits Personality differences can affect whether or not an anxiety disorder develops. People with anxiety disorders often view themselves as powerless and the world as a threatening place. This pessimistic perspective can lead to low self-confidence and poor coping skills. Brain chemistry Some studies suggest that an imbalance of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, GABA, and epinephrine may contribute to anxiety disorders. Abnormalities in the stress hormone cortisol have also been found. Many medications prescribed for anxiety disorders aim to readjust the brain’s chemical balance. Heredity Anxiety disorders tend to run in families. People with anxiety disorders often have a family history of anxiety disorders, mood disorders, or substance abuse. Although this is often due to the home environment, researchers also believe that there are genetic factors which represent an inherited risk for anxiety disorders. One risk factor may be a biological vulnerability to stress. Trauma An anxiety disorder may develop in response to a traumatic event, such as a car accident or a marital separation. Anxiety may also have its roots in early life abuse or developmental trauma. Trauma in infancy and early childhood can be particularly damaging, leaving a pervasive and lasting sense of helplessness that can develop into anxiety or depression in later life. How are anxiety disorders diagnosed? If you’ve experienced intense anxiety or worry for six months or more, you may be suffering from an anxiety disorder. Worry that interferes with your work, relationships, and activities is also a red flag that you’ve crossed from normal worrying into the territory of anxiety disorders. If your anxiety and fears have become so great that they are causing extreme distress or disrupting your daily routine, it is important to seek out help. First, you should consult with a doctor to rule out possible medical conditions. Some medications or diseases create anxiety-like symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, dizziness, nausea, and nervousness. A change in medication or the correct diagnosis of a medical illness may take care of your anxiety problem. Your doctor will give you a physical examination and may also run some laboratory tests. Medical Conditions Which Can Mimic or Cause Anxiety Thyroid Disorders Diabetes Hypoglycemia Asthma Sleep Disorders Adrenal Disorders Epilepsy Certain heart conditions Migraines Other psychiatric illnesses Medications and Substances Which can Induce Anxiety Caffeine and other stimulants Drugs such as heroin, cocaine, and amphetamines Over-the-counter medications such as decongestants Steroids such as cortisone and prednisone Weight loss products Hormones (birth control pills, thyroid medication) Inhalers and other respiratory medications Herbal remedies such as Ma huang and ephedra High blood pressure medication Withdrawal from alcohol ADHD medications (Ritalin, Adderall, Dexedrine) Withdrawal from benzodiazepines (Xanax, Valium) Anxiety can also exacerbate many pre-existing medical conditions, such as ulcers, hypertension, and respiratory conditions including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Furthermore, anxiety is associated with mitral valve prolapse, chronic fatigue syndrome, sleep apnea, irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic tension headaches. Because of the many medical issues that can cloud the diagnostic picture, working hand-in-hand with both a physician and a mental health professional is key. What types of treatments are effective for anxiety? Anxiety disorders respond very well to treatment, yet according to the Anxiety Disorders Association of America only 1/3 of those suffering from them receive help. This is unfortunate because treatment can offer immense relief, often in a relatively short amount of time. Most anxiety disorders are treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), medication, or a combination of the two. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) is very effective in the treatment of anxiety disorders. As the name suggests, CBT focuses on changing both maladaptive thinking patterns—or cognitions—and behaviors. If you’re suffering from an anxiety disorder, CBT will help you identify and challenge the negative and irrational beliefs that are holding you back from working through your fears. Another key component of CBT is exposure. In exposure therapy, you confront your fears in a safe, controlled environment. Through repeated exposures, you will gain a greater sense of control over your anxieties. As you learn new skills for dealing with stressful situations, you will begin to get the upper hand on anxiety. Cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety usually takes between 12 and 20 weeks. CBT is conducted both in individual therapy and in groups of people with similar anxiety problems. Medication A variety of medications are used in the treatment of anxiety disorders, including traditional anti-anxiety drugs, antidepressants, and beta-blockers. Medication is sometimes used in the short-term to alleviate severe symptoms so that other forms of therapy can be pursued. Anxiety medications can be habit forming and may have unwanted side effects, so be sure to research your options. Natural and Herbal Treatments Herbal remedies such as valerian root and kava kava have been used to treat anxiety for many years. However, the effectiveness and safety of these products has not been well-documented. Keep in mind that some herbal remedies can make anxiety worse. Supplements may also interact with other prescription or over-the-counter drugs you are taking, so it’s important to check with your doctor first. Other Anxiety Disorder Treatments Relaxation techniques – Relaxation techniques such as progressive muscle relaxation, controlled breathing, and guided imagery may reduce anxiety. Biofeedback – Using sensors that measure physiological arousal brought on by anxiety (such as changes in heart rate and muscle tension), biofeedbackteaches you to recognize and control these body processes. Hypnotherapy – Hypnosis for anxiety is conducted by a clinical hypnotherapist who works with you using different therapeutic techniques while you’re in a state of deep relaxation. Acupuncture – Long used in traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture may help reduce anxiety. What self-help treatments can help me control my anxiety? A healthy and balanced lifestyle can help you control and reduce your anxiety. Here are a number of things you can do to keep anxiety at bay: Self-Help Tips for Controlling & Reducing Anxiety Exercise regularly Exercise is an effective treatment for anxiety. Yoga and aerobic activities are particularly calming. Get enough sleep Lack of sleep can exacerbate anxiety. Getting the Sleep You Need describes the importance of a full-night’s rest and offers tips on how to sleep well. Eat a healthy diet Healthy eating can help you in your battle against anxiety and stress. Make sure your diet includes plenty of fruits and vegetables. Meditate Many types of meditation have been shown to reduce anxiety. Common types of meditation include mindfulness, walking meditation, and transcendental meditation. Practice relaxation techniques Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing and visualization can help reduce anxiety. Avoid alcohol and drugs Don’t use substances to cope with your anxiety. They can make the problem worse, and eventually will cause problems of their own. Eliminate caffeine Stop drinking or cut back on caffeinated beverages, including soda, coffee, and tea. Caffeine can increase anxiety, cause insomnia, and even provoke panic attacks. Cultivate a support system Spend as much time as possible with people who make you feel good and are emotionally supportive. The more social support you have from friends and family, the less vulnerable you will be to anxiety and stress. Note: All information on Symtoms.org is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",57);arrFiles[36]=new Array(37,"graph_anxiety_types.jpg","2007-05-05","graph_anxiety_types.jpg","","","",22);arrFiles[37]=new Array(38,"pancreatic_cancer_symptoms.html","2007-05-15","Symtoms.org - Pancreatic Cancer Symtoms & Signs of Disease","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","symtoms of Pancreatic Cancer. The pancreas is a gland located deep in the abdomen between the stomach and the spine (backbone). The liver, intestine, and other organs surround the pancreas.","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map Pancreatic Cancer Symptoms In this article The Pancreas Understanding Cancer Pancreatic Cancer: Who \'s at Risk? Symptoms Diagnosis Staging Treatment Getting a Second Opinion Preparing for Treatment Methods of Treatment Side Effects of Treatment Surgery Radiation Therapy Chemotherapy Pain Control Nutrition Followup Care Support for People with Pancreatic Cancer The Promise of Cancer Research National Cancer Institute Information Resources The Pancreas The pancreas is a gland located deep in the abdomen between the stomach and the spine (backbone). The liver , intestine , and other organs surround the pancreas. The pancreas is about 6 inches long and is shaped like a flat pear. The widest part of the pancreas is the head, the middle section is the body, and the thinnest part is the tail. This picture shows the pancreas and nearby organs. The pancreas makes insulin and other hormones . These hormones enter the bloodstream and travel throughout the body. They help the body use or store the energy that comes from food. For example, insulin helps control the amount of sugar in the blood. The pancreas also makes pancreatic juices . These juices contain enzymes that help digest food. The pancreas releases the juices into a system of ducts leading to the common bile duct . The common bile duct empties into the duodenum , the first section of the small intestine. This picture shows the pancreas, common bile duct, and small intestine. Back to Top Understanding Cancer Cancer is a group of many related diseases. All cancers begin in cells , the body \'s basic unit of life. Cells make up tissues , and tissues make up the organs of the body. Normally, cells grow and divide to form new cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old and die, new cells take their place. Sometimes this orderly process breaks down. New cells form when the body does not need them, or old cells do not die when they should. These extra cells can form a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor . Tumors can be benign or malignant : Benign tumors are not cancer. Usually, doctors can remove them. In most cases, benign tumors do not come back after they are removed. Cells from benign tumors do not spread to tissues around them or to other parts of the body. Most important, benign tumors are rarely a threat to life. Malignant tumors are cancer. They are generally more serious and may be life threatening. Cancer cells can invade and damage nearby tissues and organs. Also, cancer cells can break away from a malignant tumor and enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system . That is how cancer cells spread from the original cancer ( primary tumor ) to form new tumors in other organs. The spread of cancer is called metastasis . Most pancreatic cancers begin in the ducts that carry pancreatic juices. Cancer of the pancreas may be called pancreatic cancer or carcinoma of the pancreas. A rare type of pancreatic cancer begins in the cells that make insulin and other hormones. Cancer that begins in these cells is called islet cell cancer . This booklet does not deal with this rare disease. The Cancer Information Service (1-800-4-CANCER) can provide information about islet cell cancer. When cancer of the pancreas spreads ( metastasizes ) outside the pancreas, cancer cells are often found in nearby lymph nodes . If the cancer has reached these nodes, it means that cancer cells may have spread to other lymph nodes or other tissues, such as the liver or lungs. Sometimes cancer of the pancreas spreads to the peritoneum , the tissue that lines the abdomen. When cancer spreads from its original place to another part of the body, the new tumor has the same kind of abnormal cells and the same name as the primary tumor. For example, if cancer of the pancreas spreads to the liver, the cancer cells in the liver are pancreatic cancer cells. The disease is metastatic pancreatic cancer, not liver cancer. It is treated as pancreatic cancer, not liver cancer. Back to Top Pancreatic Cancer: Who \'s at Risk? No one knows the exact causes of pancreatic cancer. Doctors can seldom explain why one person gets pancreatic cancer and another does not. However, it is clear that this disease is not contagious. No one can catch cancer from another person. Research has shown that people with certain risk factors are more likely than others to develop pancreatic cancer. A risk factor is anything that increases a person \'s chance of developing a disease. Studies have found the following risk factors: Age -- The likelihood of developing pancreatic cancer increases with age. Most pancreatic cancers occur in people over the age of 60. Smoking -- Cigarette smokers are two or three times more likely than nonsmokers to develop pancreatic cancer. Diabetes -- Pancreatic cancer occurs more often in people who have diabetes than in people who do not. Being male -- More men than women are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Being African American -- African Americans are more likely than Asians, Hispanics, or whites to get pancreatic cancer. Family history -- The risk for developing pancreatic cancer triples if a person \'s mother, father, sister, or brother had the disease. Also, a family history of colon or ovarian cancer increases the risk of pancreatic cancer. Chronic pancreatitis -- Chronic pancreatitis is a painful condition of the pancreas. Some evidence suggests that chronic pancreatitis may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. Other studies suggest that exposure to certain chemicals in the workplace or a diet high in fat may increase the chance of getting pancreatic cancer. Most people with known risk factors do not get pancreatic cancer. On the other hand, many who do get the disease have none of these factors. People who think they may be at risk for pancreatic cancer should discuss this concern with their doctor. The doctor may suggest ways to reduce the risk and can plan an appropriate schedule for checkups. Back to Top Symptoms Pancreatic cancer is sometimes called a silent disease because early pancreatic cancer often does not cause symptoms . But, as the cancer grows, symptoms may include: Pain in the upper abdomen or upper back Yellow skin and eyes, and dark urine from jaundice Weakness Loss of appetite Nausea and vomiting Weight loss These symptoms are not sure signs of pancreatic cancer. An infection or other problem could also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can diagnose the cause of a person \'s symptoms. Anyone with these symptoms should see a doctor so that the doctor can treat any problem as early as possible. Back to Top Diagnosis If a patient has symptoms that suggest pancreatic cancer, the doctor asks about the patient \'s medical history. The doctor may perform a number of procedures, including one or more of the following: Physical exam -- The doctor examines the skin and eyes for signs of jaundice. The doctor then feels the abdomen to check for changes in the area near the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder . The doctor also checks for ascites , an abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen. Lab tests -- The doctor may take blood, urine, and stool samples to check for bilirubin and other substances. Bilirubin is a substance that passes from the liver to the gallbladder to the intestine. If the common bile duct is blocked by a tumor, the bilirubin cannot pass through normally. Blockage may cause the level of bilirubin in the blood, stool, or urine to become very high. High bilirubin levels can result from cancer or from noncancerous conditions. CT scan (Computed tomography) -- An x-ray machine linked to a computer takes a series of detailed pictures. The x-ray machine is shaped like a donut with a large hole. The patient lies on a bed that passes through the hole. As the bed moves slowly through the hole, the machine takes many x-rays. The computer puts the x-rays together to create pictures of the pancreas and other organs and blood vessels in the abdomen. Ultrasonography -- The ultrasound device uses sound waves that cannot be heard by humans. The sound waves produce a pattern of echoes as they bounce off internal organs. The echoes create a picture of the pancreas and other organs inside the abdomen. The echoes from tumors are different from echoes made by healthy tissues. The ultrasound procedure may use an external or internal device, or both types: Transabdominal ultrasound : To make images of the pancreas, the doctor places the ultrasound device on the abdomen and slowly moves it around. EUS (Endoscopic ultrasound) : The doctor passes a thin, lighted tube ( endoscope ) through the patient \'s mouth and stomach, down into the first part of the small intestine. At the tip of the endoscope is an ultrasound device. The doctor slowly withdraws the endoscope from the intestine toward the stomach to make images of the pancreas and surrounding organs and tissues. ERCP ( endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ) -- The doctor passes an endoscope through the patient \'s mouth and stomach, down into the first part of the small intestine. The doctor slips a smaller tube ( catheter ) through the endoscope into the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts. After injecting dye through the catheter into the ducts, the doctor takes x-ray pictures. The x-rays can show whether the ducts are narrowed or blocked by a tumor or other condition. PTC ( percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography ) -- A dye is injected through a thin needle inserted through the skin into the liver. Unless there is a blockage, the dye should move freely through the bile ducts. The dye makes the bile ducts show up on x-ray pictures. From the pictures, the doctor can tell whether there is a blockage from a tumor or other condition. Biopsy -- In some cases, the doctor may remove tissue. A pathologist then uses a microscope to look for cancer cells in the tissue. The doctor may obtain tissue in several ways. One way is by inserting a needle into the pancreas to remove cells. This is called fine-needle aspiration . The doctor uses x-ray or ultrasound to guide the needle. Sometimes the doctor obtains a sample of tissue during EUS or ERCP. Another way is to open the abdomen during an operation. A person who needs a biopsy may want to ask the doctor the following questions: What kind of biopsy will I have? How long will it take? Will I be awake? Will it hurt? Are there any risks? How soon will I know the results? If I do have cancer, who will talk to me about treatment? When? Back to Top Staging When pancreatic cancer is diagnosed, the doctor needs to know the stage , or extent, of the disease to plan the best treatment. Staging is a careful attempt to find out the size of the tumor in the pancreas, whether the cancer has spread, and if so, to what parts of the body. The doctor may determine the stage of pancreatic cancer at the time of diagnosis, or the patient may need to have more tests. Such tests may include blood tests, a CT scan, ultrasonography, laparoscopy , or angiography . The test results will help the doctor decide which treatment is appropriate. Back to Top Treatment Many people with pancreatic cancer want to take an active part in making decisions about their medical care. They want to learn all they can about their disease and their treatment choices. However, the shock and stress that people may feel after a diagnosis of cancer can make it hard for them to think of everything they want to ask the doctor. Often it helps to make a list of questions before an appointment. To help remember what the doctor says, patients may take notes or ask whether they may use a tape recorder. Some patients also want to have a family member or friend with them when they talk to the doctor-to take part in the discussion, to take notes, or just to listen. Cancer of the pancreas is very hard to control with current treatments. For that reason, many doctors encourage patients with this disease to consider taking part in a clinical trial . Clinical trials are an important option for people with all stages of pancreatic cancer. At this time, pancreatic cancer can be cured only when it is found at an early stage, before it has spread. However, other treatments may be able to control the disease and help patients live longer and feel better. When a cure or control of the disease is not possible, some patients and their doctors choose palliative therapy. Palliative therapy aims to improve quality of life by controlling pain and other problems caused by this disease. The doctor may refer patients to an oncologist , a doctor who specializes in treating cancer, or patients may ask for a referral. Specialists who treat pancreatic cancer include surgeons , medical oncologists , and radiation oncologists . Treatment generally begins within a few weeks after the diagnosis. There will be time for patients to talk with the doctor about treatment choices, get a second opinion, and learn more about the disease. Back to Top Getting a Second Opinion Before starting treatment, a patient may want a second opinion about the diagnosis and the treatment plan. Some insurance companies require a second opinion; others may cover a second opinion if the patient requests it. Gathering medical records and arranging to see another doctor may take a little time. In most cases, a brief delay to get another opinion will not make therapy less helpful. There are a number of ways to find a doctor for a second opinion: The doctor may refer patients to one or more specialists. At cancer centers, several specialists often work together as a team. The Cancer Information Service (1-800-4-CANCER) can tell callers about treatment facilities, including cancer centers and other programs supported by the National Cancer Institute, and can send printed information about finding a doctor. A local medical society, a nearby hospital, or a medical school can usually provide the name of specialists. The American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) has a list of doctors who have met certain education and training requirements and have passed specialty examinations. The Official ABMS Directory of Board Certified Medical Specialists lists doctors \' names along with their specialty and their educational background. The directory is available in most public libraries. Also, ABMS offers this information on the Internet at http://www.abms.org . (Click on Who \'s Certified.) Back to Top Preparing for Treatment The doctor can describe treatment choices and discuss the results expected with each treatment option. The doctor and patient can work together to develop a treatment plan that fits the patient \'s needs. Treatment depends on where in the pancreas the tumor started and whether the disease has spread. When planning treatment, the doctor also considers other factors, including the patient \'s age and general health. These are some questions a person may want to ask the doctor before treatment begins: What is the diagnosis? Where in the pancreas did the cancer start? Is there any evidence the cancer has spread? What is the stage of the disease? Do I need any more tests to check whether the disease has spread? What are my treatment choices? Which do you recommend for me? Why? What are the expected benefits of each kind of treatment? What are the risks and possible side effects of each treatment? What is the treatment likely to cost? Is this treatment covered by my insurance plan? How will treatment affect my normal activities? Would a clinical trial (research study) be appropriate for me? People do not need to ask all of their questions or understand all of the answers at one time. They will have other chances to ask the doctor to explain things that are not clear and to ask for more information. Back to Top Methods of Treatment People with pancreatic cancer may have several treatment options. Depending on the type and stage, pancreatic cancer may be treated with surgery , radiation therapy , or chemotherapy . Some patients have a combination of therapies. Surgery may be used alone or in combination with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The surgeon may remove all or part of the pancreas. The extent of surgery depends on the location and size of the tumor, the stage of the disease, and the patient \'s general health. Whipple procedure : If the tumor is in the head (the widest part) of the pancreas, the surgeon removes the head of the pancreas and part of the small intestine, bile duct, and stomach. The surgeon may also remove other nearby tissues. Distal pancreatectomy : The surgeon removes the body and tail of the pancreas if the tumor is in either of these parts. The surgeon also removes the spleen . Total pancreatectomy : The surgeon removes the entire pancreas, part of the small intestine, a portion of the stomach, the common bile duct, the gallbladder, the spleen, and nearby lymph nodes. Sometimes the cancer cannot be completely removed. But if the tumor is blocking the common bile duct or duodenum, the surgeon can create a bypass . A bypass allows fluids to flow through the digestive tract. It can help relieve jaundice and pain resulting from a blockage. The doctor sometimes can relieve blockage without doing bypass surgery. The doctor uses an endoscope to place a stent in the blocked area. A stent is a tiny plastic or metal mesh tube that helps keep the duct or duodenum open. After surgery, some patients are fed liquids intravenously (by IV) and through feeding tubes placed into the abdomen. Patients slowly return to eating solid foods by mouth. A few weeks after surgery, the feeding tubes are removed. These are some questions a person may want to ask the doctor before having surgery: What kind of operation will I have? How will I feel after the operation? How will you treat my pain? What other treatment will I need? How long will I be in the hospital? Will I need a feeding tube after surgery? Will I need a special diet? What are the long-term effects? When can I get back to my normal activities? How often will I need checkups? Radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy) uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. A large machine directs radiation at the abdomen. Radiation therapy may be given alone, or with surgery, chemotherapy, or both. Radiation therapy is local therapy . It affects cancer cells only in the treated area. For radiation therapy, patients go to the hospital or clinic, often 5 days a week for several weeks. Doctors may use radiation to destroy cancer cells that remain in the area after surgery. They also use radiation to relieve pain and other problems caused by the cancer. These are some questions a person may want to ask the doctor before having radiation therapy: Why do I need this treatment? When will the treatments begin? When will they end? How will I feel during therapy? Are there side effects? What can I do to take care of myself during therapy? Are there certain foods that I should eat or avoid? How will we know if the radiation is working? Will I be able to continue my normal activities during treatment? Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. Doctors also give chemotherapy to help reduce pain and other problems caused by pancreatic cancer. It may be given alone, with radiation, or with surgery and radiation. Chemotherapy is systemic therapy . The doctor usually gives the drugs by injection. Once in the bloodstream, the drugs travel throughout the body. Usually chemotherapy is an outpatient treatment given at the hospital, clinic, doctor \'s office, or home. However, depending on which drugs are given and the patient \'s general health, the patient may need to stay in the hospital. Patients may want to ask these questions about chemotherapy: Why do I need this treatment? What will it do? What drugs will I be taking? How will they be given? Will I need to stay in the hospital? Will the treatment cause side effects? What can I do about them? How long will I be on this treatment? Back to Top Side Effects of Treatment Because cancer treatment may damage healthy cells and tissues, unwanted side effects are common. These side effects depend on many factors, including the type and extent of the treatment. Side effects may not be the same for each person, and they may even change from one treatment session to the next. The health care team will explain possible side effects and how they will help the patient manage them. Back to Top Surgery Surgery for pancreatic cancer is a major operation. Patients need to stay in the hospital for several days afterward. Patients may feel weak or tired. Most need to rest at home for about a month. The length of time it takes to regain strength varies. The side effects of surgery depend on the extent of the operation, the person \'s general health, and other factors. Most patients have pain for the first few days after surgery. Pain can be controlled with medicine, and patients should discuss pain relief with the doctor or nurse. Removal of part or all of the pancreas may make it hard for a patient to digest foods. The health care team can suggest a diet plan and medicines to help relieve diarrhea, pain, cramping, or feelings of fullness. During the recovery from surgery, the doctor will carefully monitor the patient \'s diet and weight. At first, a patient may have only liquids and may receive extra nourishment intravenously or by feeding tube into the intestine. Solid foods are added to the diet gradually. Patients may not have enough pancreatic enzymes or hormones after surgery. Those who do not have enough insulin may develop diabetes. The doctor can give the patient insulin, other hormones, and enzymes. Back to Top Radiation Therapy Radiation therapy may cause patients to become very tired as treatment continues. Resting is important, but doctors usually advise patients to try to stay as active as they can. In addition, when patients receive radiation therapy, the skin in the treated area may sometimes become red, dry, and tender. Radiation therapy to the abdomen may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or other problems with digestion. The health care team can offer medicine or suggest diet changes to control these problems. For most patients, the side effects of radiation therapy go away when treatment is over. Back to Top Chemotherapy The side effects of chemotherapy depend mainly on the drugs and the doses the patient receives as well as how the drugs are given. In addition, as with other types of treatment, side effects vary from patient to patient. Systemic chemotherapy affects rapidly dividing cells throughout the body, including blood cells. Blood cells fight infection, help the blood to clot, and carry oxygen to all parts of the body. When anticancer drugs damage healthy blood cells, patients are more likely to get infections, may bruise or bleed easily, and may have less energy. Cells in hair roots and cells that line the digestive tract also divide rapidly. As a result, patients may lose their hair and may have other side effects such as poor appetite, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, or mouth sores. Usually, these side effects go away gradually during the recovery periods between treatments or after treatment is over. The health care team can suggest ways to relieve side effects. Back to Top Pain Control Pain is a common problem for people with pancreatic cancer. The tumor can cause pain by pressing against nerves and other organs. The patient \'s doctor or a specialist in pain control can relieve or reduce pain in several ways: Pain medicine -- Medicines often can relieve pain. (These medicines may make people drowsy and constipated, but resting and taking laxatives can help.) Radiation -- High-energy rays can help relieve pain by shrinking the tumor. Nerve block -- The doctor may inject alcohol into the area around certain nerves in the abdomen to block the feeling of pain. Surgery -- The surgeon may cut certain nerves to block pain. The doctor may suggest other ways to relieve or reduce pain. For example, massage, acupuncture , or acupressure may be used along with other approaches to help relieve pain. Also, the patient may learn relaxation techniques such as listening to slow music or breathing slowly and comfortably. Back to Top Nutrition People with pancreatic cancer may not feel like eating, especially if they are uncomfortable or tired. Also, the side effects of treatment such as poor appetite, nausea, or vomiting can make eating difficult. Foods may taste different. Nevertheless, patients should try to get enough calories and protein to control weight loss, maintain strength, and promote healing. Also, eating well often helps people with cancer feel better and have more energy. Careful planning and checkups are important. Cancer of the pancreas and its treatment may make it hard for patients to digest food and maintain the proper blood sugar level. The doctor will check the patient for weight loss, weakness, and lack of energy. Patients may need to take medicines to replace the enzymes and hormones made by the pancreas. The doctor will watch the patient closely and adjust the doses of these medicines. The doctor, dietitian, or other health care provider can advise patients about ways to maintain a healthy diet. Back to Top Followup Care Followup care after treatment for pancreatic cancer is an important part of the overall treatment plan. Patients should not hesitate to discuss followup with their doctor. Regular checkups ensure that any changes in health are noticed. Any problem that develops can be found and treated. Checkups may include a physical exam, laboratory tests, and imaging procedures . Back to Top Support for People with Pancreatic Cancer Living with a serious disease such as pancreatic cancer is not easy. Some people find they need help coping with the emotional and practical aspects of their disease. Support groups can help. In these groups, patients or their family members get together to share what they have learned about coping with their disease and the effects of treatment. Patients may want to talk with a member of their health care team about finding a support group. People living with pancreatic cancer may worry about the future. They may worry about caring for themselves or their families, keeping their jobs, or continuing daily activities. Concerns about treatments and managing side effects, hospital stays, and medical bills are also common. Doctors, nurses, and other members of the health care team can answer questions about treatment, diet, working, or other matters. Meeting with a social worker, counselor, or member of the clergy can be helpful to those who want to talk about their feelings or discuss their concerns. Often, a social worker can suggest resources for financial aid, transportation, home care, emotional support, or other services. Materials on coping with cancer are available from the Cancer Information Service (1-800-4-CANCER) The Cancer Information Service can also provide information to help patients and their families locate programs, services, and publications. Back to Top The Promise of Cancer Research Laboratory scientists are studying the pancreas to learn more about it. They are studying the possible causes of pancreatic cancer and are researching new ways to detect tumors. They also are looking for new therapies that may kill cancer cells. Doctors in clinics and hospitals are conducting many types of clinical trials. These are research studies in which people take part voluntarily. In these trials, researchers are studying ways to treat pancreatic cancer. Research already has led to advances in treatment methods, and researchers continue to search for more effective approaches to treat this disease. Patients who join clinical trials have the first chance to benefit from new treatments that have shown promise in earlier research. They also make an important contribution to medical science by helping doctors learn more about the disease. Although clinical trials may pose some risks, researchers take very careful steps to protect their patients. In trials with people who have pancreatic cancer, doctors are studying new drugs, new combinations of chemotherapy, and combinations of chemotherapy and radiation before and after surgery. Biological therapy is also under investigation. Scientists are studying several cancer vaccines to help the immune system fight cancer. Other studies use monoclonal antibodies to slow or stop the growth of cancer. Back to Top National Cancer Institute Information Resources You may want more information for yourself, your family, and your doctor. The following National Cancer Institute (NCI) services are available to help you. Cancer Information Service (CIS) Provides accurate, up-to-date information on cancer to patients and their families, health professionals, and the general public. Information specialists translate the latest scientific information into understandable language and respond in English, Spanish, or on TTY equipment. Toll-free: 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) TTY (for deaf and hard of hearing callers): 1-800-332-8615 Back to Top Article source: National Cancer Institute Note: All information on Symtoms.org is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor. 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The airways are the tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs. If you have asthma, the inside walls of your airways are inflamed (swollen).","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map Asthma Symptoms and Signs of Disease In this article What Is ... Causes Who Is At Risk Signs & Symptoms Diagnosis Treatments Prevention Living With Key Points What Is Asthma? Asthma (Az-muh) is a chronic disease that affects your airways. The airways are the tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs. If you have asthma, the inside walls of your airways are inflamed (swollen). The inflammation (IN-fla-MAY-shun) makes the airways very sensitive, and they tend to react strongly to things that you are allergic to or find irritating. When the airways react, they get narrower, and less air flows through to your lung tissue. This causes symptoms like wheezing (a whistling sound when you breathe), coughing, chest tightness, and trouble breathing, especially at night and in the early morning. Asthma cannot be cured, but most people with asthma can control it so that they have few and infrequent symptoms and can live active lives. When your asthma symptoms become worse than usual, it is called an asthma episode or attack. During an asthma attack, muscles around the airways tighten up, making the airways narrower so less air flows through. Inflammation increases, and the airways become more swollen and even narrower. Cells in the airways may also make more mucus than usual. This extra mucus also narrows the airways. These changes make it harder to breathe. Top Asthma attacks are not all the same—some are worse than others. In a severe asthma attack, the airways can close so much that not enough oxygen gets to vital organs. This condition is a medical emergency. People can die from severe asthma attacks. So, if you have asthma, you should see your doctor regularly. You will need to learn what things cause your asthma symptoms and how to avoid them. Your doctor will also prescribe medicines to keep your asthma under control. Taking care of your asthma is an important part of your life. Controlling it means working closely with your doctor to learn what to do, staying away from things that bother your airways, taking medicines as directed by your doctor, and monitoring your asthma so that you can respond quickly to signs of an attack. By controlling your asthma every day, you can prevent serious symptoms and take part in all activities. If your asthma is not well controlled, you are likely to have symptoms that can make you miss school or work and keep you from doing things you enjoy. Asthma is one of the leading causes of children missing school. What Causes Asthma? Top It is not clear exactly what makes the airways of people with asthma inflamed in the first place. Your inflamed airways may be due to a combination of things. We know that if other people in your family have asthma, you are more likely to develop it. New research suggests that being exposed to things like tobacco smoke, infections, and some allergens early in your life may increase your chances of developing asthma. What Causes Asthma Symptoms and Attacks? There are things in the environment that bring on your asthma symptoms and lead to asthma attacks. Some of the more common things include exercise, allergens, irritants, and viral infections. Some people have asthma only when they exercise or have a viral infection. The list below gives some examples of things that can bring on asthma symptoms. Allergens Animal dander (from the skin, hair, or feathers of animals) Dust mites (contained in house dust) Cockroaches Pollen from trees and grass Mold (indoor and outdoor) Irritants Cigarette smoke Air pollution Cold air or changes in weather Strong odors from painting or cooking Scented products Strong emotional expression (including crying or laughing hard) and stress Others Medicines such as aspirin and beta-blockers Sulfites in food (dried fruit) or beverages (wine) A condition called gastroesophageal (GAS-tro-e-sof-o-JEE-al) reflux disease that causes heartburn and can worsen asthma symptoms, especially at night Irritants or allergens that you may be exposed to at your work, such as special chemicals or dusts Infections This is not a complete list of all the things that can bring on asthma symptoms. People can have trouble with one or more of these. It is important for you to learn which ones are problems for you. Your doctor can help you identify which things affect your asthma and ways to avoid them. Who Is At Risk for Asthma? Top In the United States, about 20 million people have been diagnosed with asthma; nearly 9 million of them are children. Asthma is closely linked to allergies. Most, but not all, people with asthma have allergies. Children with a family history of allergy and asthma are more likely to have asthma. Although asthma affects people of all ages, it most often starts in childhood. More boys have asthma than girls, but in adulthood, more women have asthma than men. Although asthma affects people of all races, African Americans are more likely than Caucasians to be hospitalized for asthma attacks and to die from asthma. What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Asthma? Top Common asthma symptoms include: Coughing. Coughing from asthma is often worse at night or early in the morning, making it hard to sleep. Wheezing. Wheezing is a whistling or squeaky sound when you breathe. Chest tightness. This can feel like something is squeezing or sitting on your chest. Shortness of breath. Some people say they can \'t catch their breath, or they feel breathless or out of breath. You may feel like you can \'t get enough air in or out of your lungs. Faster breathing or noisy breathing. Not all people have these symptoms, and symptoms may vary from one asthma attack to another. Symptoms can differ in how severe they are: Sometimes symptoms can be mildly annoying, other times they can be serious enough to make you stop what you are doing, and sometimes symptoms can be so serious that they are life threatening. Symptoms also differ in how often they occur. Some people with asthma have symptoms only once every few months, others have symptoms every week, and still other people have symptoms every day. With proper treatment, however, most people with asthma can expect to have few or no symptoms. How Is Asthma Diagnosed? Top Some things your doctor will ask about include: Periods of coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, or chest tightness that come on suddenly, occur often, or seem to happen during certain times of the year or season Colds that seem to go to the chest or take more than 10 days to get over Medicines you may have used to help your breathing Your family history of asthma and allergies Things that seem to cause your symptoms or make them worse Your doctor will listen to your breathing and look for signs of asthma or allergies. Your doctor will probably use a device called a spirometer (speh-ROM-et-er) to check how your lungs are working. This test is called spirometry (speh-ROM-eh-tree). The test measures how much air you can blow out of your lungs after taking a deep breath, and how fast you can do it . The results will be lower than normal if your airways are inflamed and narrowed, or if the muscles around your airways have tightened up. As part of the test, your doctor may give you a medicine that helps open narrowed airways to see if the medicine changes or improves your test results. Spirometry is also used to check your asthma over time to see how you are doing. Spirometry usually cannot be used in children younger than 5 years. If your child is younger than 5 years, the doctor may decide to try medicine for a while to see if the child \'s symptoms get better. If your spirometry results are normal but you have asthma symptoms, your doctor will probably want you to have other tests to see what else could be causing your symptoms. These include: Allergy testing to find out if and what allergens affect you. A test in which you use a peak flow meter every day for 1-2 weeks to check your breathing. A peak flow meter is a hand-held device that helps you monitor how well you are breathing. A test to see how your airways react to exercise. Tests to see if you have gastroesophageal reflux disease. A test to see if you have sinus disease. Other tests, such as a chest x ray or an electrocardiogram, may be needed to find out if a foreign object or other lung diseases or heart disease could be causing your symptoms. A correct diagnosis is important because asthma is treated differently from other diseases with similar symptoms. Depending on the results of your physical exam, medical history, and lung function tests, your doctor can determine how severe your asthma is. This is important because the severity of your asthma will determine how your asthma should be treated. One way for doctors to classify asthma severity is by considering how often you have symptoms when you are not taking any medicine or when your asthma is not well controlled. Based on symptoms, the four levels of asthma severity are: Mild intermittent (comes and goes)—you have episodes of asthma symptoms twice a week or less, and you are bothered by symptoms at night twice a month or less; between episodes, however, you have no symptoms and your lung function is normal. Mild persistent asthma—you have asthma symptoms more than twice a week, but no more than once in a single day. You are bothered by symptoms at night more than twice a month. You may have asthma attacks that affect your activity. Moderate persistent asthma—you have asthma symptoms every day, and you are bothered by nighttime symptoms more than once a week. Asthma attacks may affect your activity. Severe persistent asthma—you have symptoms throughout the day on most days, and you are bothered by nighttime symptoms often. In severe asthma, your physical activity is likely to be limited. Anyone with asthma can have a severe attack—even people who have intermittent or mild persistent asthma. How Is Asthma Treated? Top Your doctor can work with you to decide about your treatment goals and what you need to do to control your asthma to achieve these goals. Asthma treatment includes: Working closely with your doctor to decide what your treatment goals are and learning how to meet those goals. Avoiding things that bring on your asthma symptoms or make your symptoms worse. Doing so can reduce the amount of medicine you need to control your asthma. Using asthma medicines. Allergy medicine and shots may also help control asthma in some people. Monitoring your asthma so that you can recognize when your symptoms are getting worse and respond quickly to prevent or stop an asthma attack. With proper treatment, you should ideally have these results: Your asthma should be controlled. You should be free of asthma symptoms. You should have fewer attacks. You should need to use quick-relief medicines less often. You should be able to do normal activities without having symptoms. Your doctor will work with you to develop an asthma self-management plan for controlling your asthma on a daily basis and an emergency action plan for stopping asthma attacks. These plans will tell you what medicines you should take and other things you should do to keep your asthma under control. Medicines for Asthma There are two main types of medicines for asthma: Quick-relief medicines—taken at the first signs of asthma symptoms for immediate relief of these symptoms. You will feel the effects of these medicines within minutes. Long-term control medicines—taken every day, usually over long periods of time, to prevent symptoms and asthma episodes or attacks. You will feel the full effects of these medicines after taking them for a few weeks. People with persistent asthma need long-term control medicines. Quick-relief medicines Everyone with asthma needs a quick-relief or rescue medicine to stop asthma symptoms before they get worse. Short-acting inhaled beta-agonists are the preferred quick-relief medicine. These medicines are bronchodilators. They act quickly to relax tightened muscles around your airways so that the airways can open up and allow more air to flow through. You should take your quick-relief medicine when you first begin to feel asthma symptoms, such as coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, or shortness of breath. You should carry your quick-relief inhaler with you at all times in case of an asthma attack. Your doctor may recommend that you take your quick-relief medicines at other times as well—for example, before exercise. Long-term control medicines The most effective, long-term control medicine for asthma is an inhaled corticosteroid (kor-ti-ko-STE-roid) because this medicine reduces the airway swelling that makes asthma attacks more likely. Inhaled corticosteroids (or steroids for short) are the preferred medicine for controlling mild, moderate, and severe persistent asthma. They are generally safe when taken as directed by your doctor. In some cases, steroid tablets or liquid are used for short periods of time to bring asthma under control. The tablet or liquid form may also be used to control severe asthma. Other long-term control medicines include: Inhaled long-acting beta-agonists. These medicines are bronchodilators, or muscle relaxers, not anti-inflammatory drugs. They are used to help control moderate and severe asthma and to prevent nighttime symptoms. Long-acting beta-agonists are usually taken together with inhaled corticosteroid medicines. Leukotriene modifiers (montelukast, zafirlukast, and zileuton), which are used either alone to treat mild persistent asthma or together with inhaled corticosteroids to treat moderate or severe asthma. Cromolyn and nedocromil, which are used to treat mild persistent asthma. Theophylline, which is used either alone to treat mild persistent asthma or together with inhaled corticosteroids to treat moderate persistent asthma. People who take theophylline should have their blood levels checked to be sure the dose is appropriate. If you stop taking long-term control medicines, your asthma will likely worsen again. Many people with asthma need both a short-acting bronchodilator to use when symptoms worsen and long-term daily asthma control medicines to treat the ongoing inflammation. Over time, your doctor may need to make changes in your asthma medicine. You may need to increase your dose, lower your dose, or try a combination of medicines. Be sure to work with your doctor to find the best treatment for your asthma. The goal is to use the least amount of medicine necessary to control your asthma. Most asthma medicines are inhaled. They go directly into your lungs where they are needed. There are many kinds of inhalers, and many require different techniques. It is important to know how to use your inhaler correctly. Use a Peak Flow Meter As part of your daily asthma self-management plan, your doctor may recommend that you use a hand-held device called a peak flow meter at home to monitor how well your lungs are working. You use the peak flow meter by taking a deep breath in and then blowing the air out hard into the peak flow meter. The peak flow meter then gives you a peak flow number that tells you how fast you moved the air out. You will need to find out your personal best peak flow number. You do this by recording your peak flow number every day for a few weeks until your asthma is under control. The highest number you get during that time is your personal best peak flow. Then you can compare future peak flow measurements to your personal best peak flow, and that will show if your asthma is staying under control. Your doctor will tell you how and when to use your peak flow meter and how to use your medicines based on the results. You may be advised to use your peak flow meter each morning to keep track of how well you are breathing. Your peak flow meter can help warn you of a possible asthma attack even before you notice symptoms. If your peak flow meter shows that your breathing is getting worse, you should follow your emergency asthma action plan. Take your quick-relief or other medicines as your doctor directed. Then you can use the peak flow meter to see how your airways are responding to the medicine. Ask your doctor about how you can take care of your asthma. You should know: What things tend to make your asthma worse and how to avoid them Early signs to watch for that mean your asthma is starting to get worse (like a drop in your peak flow number or an increase in symptoms) How and when to use your peak flow meter What medicines to take, how much to take, when to take them, and how to take them correctly When to call or see your doctor When you should get emergency treatment Treating Asthma in Children Children with asthma, like adults with asthma, should see a doctor for treatment of their asthma. Treatment may include allergy testing, finding ways to limit contact with things that bring on asthma attacks, and taking medicine. Young children will need help from their parents and other caregivers to keep their asthma under control. Older children can learn to care for themselves and follow their asthma self-management plan with less supervision. Asthma medicines for children are like those adults use, but doses are smaller. Children with asthma may need both a quick-relief (or rescue) inhaler for attacks and daily medicine to control their asthma. Children with moderate or severe asthma should learn to use a peak flow meter to help keep their asthma under control. Using a peak flow meter can be very helpful because children often have a hard time describing their symptoms. Parents should be alert for possible signs of asthma in children, such as coughing at night, frequent colds, wheezing, or other signs of breathing problems. If you suspect that your child has asthma or that your child \'s asthma is not well controlled, take your child to a doctor for an exam and testing. Your doctor will choose medicines for your child based on the child \'s symptoms and test results. If your child has asthma, you will need to go to the doctor for regular followup visits and to make sure that your child uses the medicines properly. Treating Asthma in Older Adults Older adults may need to adjust their asthma treatment because of other diseases or conditions that they have. Some medicines (like beta blockers used for treating high blood pressure and glaucoma; aspirin; and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) can interfere with asthma medicines or even cause asthma attacks. Be sure to tell your doctor about all medicines that you take, including over-the-counter ones. Using steroids may affect bone density in adults, so ask your doctor about taking calcium and vitamin D supplements and other ways to help keep your bones strong. Treating Asthma in Pregnancy If you are pregnant, it is very important to both you and your baby to control your asthma. Uncontrolled asthma can lower the oxygen level in your blood, which means that your baby gets less oxygen too. Most asthma medicines are generally safe to take during pregnancy. Doctors recommend that it is safer to take asthma medicines during pregnancy than to take the chance that you will have an attack. If you are pregnant or thinking about becoming pregnant, talk to your doctor about your asthma and how to have a healthy pregnancy. Treating Exercise-Induced Asthma Regular physical activity is important for good health. If exercise brings on your asthma symptoms, talk to your doctor about the best ways to control your asthma when you are active. Some people with asthma use inhaled, quick-relief medicines before exercising to keep symptoms under control. If you use your asthma medicines as directed, you should be able to take part in any physical activity or sport you choose. Many Olympic athletes have asthma. Can Asthma Be Prevented? Top We don \'t yet know how to prevent asthma, but there are some things that can lower your chances of having an asthma attack. To prevent asthma symptoms: Learn about your asthma and how to control it. Use medicines as directed by your doctor to prevent or stop attacks. Avoid things that make your asthma worse as much as possible. Get regular checkups from your doctor. Follow your asthma self-management plan. Scientists do not yet know how to prevent the inflammation of the airways that leads to asthma. Scientists are exploring some theories: Babies exposed to tobacco smoke are more likely to get asthma. If a woman is exposed to tobacco smoke during pregnancy, her baby may also be more likely to get asthma. Obesity may be linked to asthma, as well as other health problems. Living With Asthma Top If you have asthma, it is important to learn how to take care of yourself. Work with your doctor on a daily asthma self-management plan that you are both happy with. Tell your doctor about all other medications you are taking, in case one of them affects your asthma. Follow your asthma self-management plan and have regular checkups. Learn to use your medication correctly. Ask your doctor to teach you how to use your inhaler. This is very important. If you do not use your inhalers correctly, less medication will get into your airways. If you are having problems taking your asthma medicine, let your doctor know right away. You need to know what things bring on your asthma symptoms. Then do what you can to avoid or limit contact with these things. If animal dander is a problem for you, keep your pet out of the house or at least out of your bedroom, or find it a new home. Do not smoke or allow smoking in your home. If pollen is a problem for you, stay indoors with the air conditioner on, if possible, when the pollen count is high. To control dust mites, wash your sheets, blankets, pillows, and stuffed toys once a week in hot water. You can get special dust proof covers for your mattress and pillows. If cold air bothers you, wear a scarf over your mouth and nose in the winter. If you have symptoms when you exercise or do routine physical activities like climbing stairs, work with your doctor to find ways to be active without having asthma symptoms. Physical activity is important. If you are allergic to sulfites, avoid foods (like dried fruit) or beverages (like wine) that contain them. Be alert for warning signs of an asthma attack. Watch for symptoms (for example, coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing) and use your quick-relief medicine as directed by your doctor. Use your peak flow meter as directed to monitor your asthma. If your asthma is not under control, there will be signs that you should not ignore. The following are some signs that your asthma is getting worse: You have asthma symptoms more often than usual. Your asthma symptoms are worse than they used to be. Your asthma symptoms are bothering you a lot at night and making you lose sleep. You are missing school or work because of your asthma. Your peak flow number is low or varies a lot from day to day. Your asthma medicines do not seem to be working very well anymore. You have to use your short-acting quick-relief, or rescue, inhaler more often. (Using quick-relief medicine every day or using more than one inhaler a month is too much.) You have to go to the emergency room or doctor because of an asthma attack. You end up in the hospital because of your asthma. If your asthma seems to be getting worse, see your doctor. You may need to change your medicines or do other things to get your asthma under control. Helping Your Child Live With Asthma Children with asthma need the help of parents, other caregivers, teachers, and health care professionals to keep their asthma under control. You can help your child with asthma keep it under control. For example, you can: Take your child to the doctor for regular checkups and treatment. Make sure your child has an asthma self-management plan and that you know how to follow it. Help your child learn about asthma and how to control it. Help your child learn what things cause his or her asthma symptoms and how to avoid them, if possible. Protect your child from tobacco smoke by not smoking and not allowing people to smoke in your home. Find ways to reduce your child \'s exposure to allergens that bring on asthma attacks, like pollen, dust mites, cockroaches, or animal dander. Make sure your child knows how to take asthma medicines correctly (if your child is old enough to use an inhaler without your help). Make sure that your child uses a peak flow meter to help monitor and control asthma. Encourage your child to take part in physical activity. Work together to keep his or her asthma under control. Your child can be active. Talk to your child \'s other caregivers, teachers, or coaches about his or her asthma; give them copies of your child \'s asthma self-management plan. Key Points Top Asthma is a chronic disease that affects your airways, the tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs. In asthma, the inside walls of your airways are inflamed, or swollen. The inflammation makes them very sensitive, and they tend to react strongly to things that you are allergic to or find irritating. When they react, they get narrower and less air flows through to your lungs. This causes symptoms like wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and trouble breathing, especially at night and in the early morning. Asthma cannot be cured, but most people with asthma can control it so that they have few and infrequent symptoms and can live normal, active lives. When your asthma symptoms become worse than usual, it is called an asthma episode or attack. In a severe asthma attack, the airways can close so much that not enough oxygen can get to your vital organs. People can die from severe asthma attacks. Taking care of your asthma is an important part of your life. Controlling it means working closely with your doctor to learn how to manage your condition, staying away from things that bother your airways and bring on asthma symptoms, taking medicines as directed by your doctor, and monitoring your asthma so you can respond quickly to signs of an attack. Ask your doctor for a written daily asthma self-management plan and an emergency action plan for asthma attacks, and make sure you understand and know how to use them. Researchers still do not know what causes asthma, although they do know that if other people in your family have asthma, you are more likely to develop it. Being exposed early in your life to things like tobacco smoke, infections, and some allergens may also increase your chances of developing asthma. Some of the more common things that bring on asthma symptoms include exercise, allergens, irritants, and viral infections. Common asthma symptoms include coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and faster or noisy breathing. Doctors find out whether you have asthma by looking at your family history of asthma and allergies, exploring the things that seem to cause your symptoms or make them worse, and giving you a test, called spirometry, that measures how much air you can blow out of your lungs after taking a deep breath and how quickly you can do it. They may also perform tests to find out if you have allergies, to see how your airways react to exercise, to find out whether you have gastroesophageal reflux disease or sinus disease, and to rule out heart disease and other lung diseases. Asthma is treated with two kinds of medicines: quick-relief medicines to stop asthma symptoms and long-term control medicines to prevent symptoms. Short-acting inhaled beta-agonists are the preferred quick-relief medicine. The most effective, long-term control medicine is an inhaled corticosteroid, which reduces inflammation in your lungs. Most long-term control medicines must be taken daily, even when you do not have symptoms. Other long-term control medicines include inhaled long-acting beta-agonists, leukotriene modifiers, cromolyn, and theophylline. Most asthma medicines are inhaled. As a result, they go straight to your lungs where they are needed. It is important to learn how to use your inhalers correctly. Many people with asthma need to monitor their condition with a peak flow meter. This is a hand-held device that measures how well your lungs are working. A peak flow meter can help you detect early changes in your condition, especially if you change your medicines, and warn you of a possible attack even before you feel symptoms. Parents of children with asthma need to help them manage their asthma, including making sure the child uses his or her medicines properly and watching for any signs of an attack. Older people with asthma may need to adjust their treatment because of other diseases or conditions that they have. Some medicines that many older people take can interfere with asthma medicines or even cause asthma attacks. It is especially important for pregnant women with asthma to control their asthma. Uncontrolled asthma can limit the supply of oxygen to the fetus. Doctors recommend that it is safer to take asthma medicines during pregnancy than to take the chance that you will have an attack. Regular physical activity is just as important for people with asthma as for the rest of the population. If exercise brings on your asthma symptoms, talk to your doctor about the best ways to control your asthma when you are active. Top Note: All information on Symtoms.org is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",72);arrFiles[46]=new Array(47,"asthma.gif","2007-05-07","asthma.gif","","","",21);arrFiles[47]=new Array(48,"medical.jpg","2007-05-08","medical.jpg","","","",2);arrFiles[48]=new Array(49,"logo.gif","2007-05-08","logo.gif","","","",10);arrFiles[49]=new Array(50,"logotranparent.gif","2007-05-08","logotranparent.gif","","","",10);arrFiles[50]=new Array(51,"Symptoms_of_dehydration.html","2007-05-19","Symtoms.org - Dehydratation Symtoms","food poisoning symptom, herpes symptom, hiv symptom, fibromyalgia symptom, bladder infection symptom, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, pregnancy","Symtoms and Causes of Dehydration. There are many things that can cause dehydration, the most common are vomiting, diarrhea, blood loss, malnutrition, and plain old failure to replenish liquids lost from sweating and urination (Not drinking enough water).","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Menopause Symptoms SDT Symptoms Stress Symptoms Other links: Medical News GuestBook Site Map Dehydration Signs & Symtoms In this Article The Causes of Dehydration The Signs and Symptoms of Dehydratation Treatment for Dehydration Prevention of Dehydration Alcohol Dehydration & Hangovers Dehydration with caffeine? The Causes of Dehydration There are many things that can cause dehydration, the most common are vomiting, diarrhea, blood loss, malnutrition, and plain old failure to replenish liquids lost from sweating and urination (Not drinking enough water). Many illnesses and diseases can trigger acute dehydration due to the increased body temperature and sweating that usually occur. This is why your doctor tells you to drink plenty of fluids when you are ill. Your body uses fluids to expell toxins as well as to keep your system flexible, lubricated and running smoothly. The Signs and Symptoms of Dehydration Symptoms of dehydration usually begin with thirst and progress to more alarming manifestations as the need for water becomes more dire. The initial signs and symptoms of mild dehydration in adults appear when the body has lost about 2% of it \'s total fluid. These mild dehydration symptoms are often (but not limited to): Thirst Loss of appetite Dry skin Flushing Dark colored urine Dry mouth / Cotton mouth Fatigue / Weakness Chills Head rushes If the dehydration is allowed to continue unabated, when the total fluid loss reaches 5% the following effects of dehydration are normally experienced: Increased heart rate Increased respiration Decreased sweating Decreased urination Increased body temperature Extreme fatigue Muscle cramps Headaches Nausea Tingling of the limbs When the body reaches 10% fluid loss emergency help is needed IMMEDIATELY! 10% fluid loss and above is often fatal! Symptoms of severe dehydration include: Muscle spasms Vomiting Racing pulse Shriveled skin Dim vision Painful urination Confusion Difficulty breathing Seizures Chest and Abdominal pain Unconciousness Be aware that these are not the only symptoms that may manifest in response to dehydration, these are simply the most common. Symptoms of dehydration will differ from person to person because the body is a complex network of systems and everyone \'s body is different. When these systems are disturbed due to loss of fluids there will be several common symptoms shared by most bodies, but there may also be unusual or unexpected responses depending on the particular person in question. Age also plays a part in the manifestation of symptoms. Signs of dehydration in a child will not be the same as those experienced by a teenager, adult or in the elderly. Dehydration prevention is the best treatment for every age group. Treatment for Dehydration If dehydration is the removal of water from an object, then the treatment to reverse it \'s effects would logically be rehydration. When a person becomes dehydrated they have also lost electrolytes so it is very important to replenish them along the water. The type of electrolytes needed for rehydration are sodium and potassium salts usually found in sports drinks like Gatorade and pediatric formulas like Pedialite. Electrolytes are needed for electro-chemical reactions within cells. A lack of electrolytes in the body can interfere with the chemical reactions needed for healthy cell operation and is known as water intoxication. This can become a serious condition and has lead to death in extreme cases. If a person is showing minor symptoms give them plenty of water and let them drink it very slowly, in small sips. Electrolytes are also important to replace. Electrolytes can be readily had from Gatorade or Pedialite. They are also found in salty foods but eating any food while dehydrated will only dehydrate the body more since fluids are required for digestion. If Gatorade or Pedialite are not available, slowly replenish the bodies liquids with water and follow that up after symptoms have subsided with a small salty snack or a very light meal. If a person is showing some of the more severe symptoms of dehydration as listed above, call an ambulance immediately. He or she may be past the point where ingestion of the proper fluids will help; get them medical attention immediately. Prevention of Dehydration The average person looses between two and three litres of water a day through the breath, sweat, and urine. This number can increase or decrease based on the types of activities that a person engages in. Heavy exercise can cause a body to loose more than 2 litres an hour! To prevent dehydration you simply need to replenish the liquids that are lost throughout the day. Many resources and sites will tell you to drink 8 glases of water a day, or give you a set number of litres to drink but the honest truth is that every BODY is different and only you will know how much your BODY needs. Only YOU can know how much water YOU need to be at your best. Thats right, WATER. Not soda, not juice, not sugar-drinks. Pay attention to your fluid loss and take special care to replenish it as it is being lost. By the time you feel thirsty you are already dehydrated - you want to avoid becoming thirsty in the first place. Pay attention to the color of your urine, dark urine is usually an indicator that you are dehydrated. Drink more water. Alcohol Dehydration and Hangovers By Michael Russell It probably happened to you too, after a long night out with one little drink too many, to feel the world spinning around you in the morning, to feel your head heavy and your stomach crunched. That was the moment you cursed your life and promised yourself you \'ll stop drinking. For good! Yet it happened again, because you just forgot how awful that feeling was, or because you were having too much fun to count your drinks, or. just because. So you know that drinking alcohol causes hangovers, but what exactly in it not even the physicians can tell you. They even have problems whether to recommend drinking alcohol or not. Some simply forbid it, while others, knowing the proven benefits of many alcoholic drinks, recommend to their patients a moderate consumption of alcohol. Yes: moderation is the key and the second answer to the question how to avoid hangovers, the first being: don \'t drink. Wine, whisky and bourbon can cause a harder hangover than beer and vodka. Some chemical substances in dark grapes found in red wines or the yeast in unfiltered beer can cause severe headaches in many people. Although no one really knows what in alcohol causes hangovers, a proven reason for the headaches associated with hangovers is alcohol dehydration. Alcohol, being a diuretic, makes you urinate. And if you are a beer drinker I don \'t need to tell you what drink has the strongest diuretic effect. So, when you feel that terrible headache early in the morning, don \'t go on drinking coffee. Coffee is a diuretic as well and it will only continue the dehydration process. Drink water. That \'s what you really need. Or start the day with a strong chamomile tea that will act like a balsam for your stomach and open your appetite for food. Because, although you feel like your stomach can \'t face food, you must eat. Your body needs carbohydrates, potassium and vitamin C after a hangover. Eat plenty of bread or bananas. Second, you need to do something about the alcohol left in your body. A hangover makes you feel the need to stay in bed. But the secret to a fast recovery is movement. Sweating is the fastest way to get rid of the surplus alcohol. Exercise and sex are as effective as a bio sauna, even more, because not many people can stand the heat and a hangover. Now you know what you can do after you get a hangover. But can you prevent it? Yes you can! So let \'s start with the most important advice: don \'t drink on an empty stomach. Food will help your body digest alcohol faster. As alcohol attacks your stomach, you might consider eating some fatty food like cheese, or having a sip of olive oil that will work like a balsam or a thin film protecting your stomach membrane. Beer is fast digested, so if you plan to mix beverages, drink beer first. Beer will help your body absorb the other drinks faster. No matter what alcoholic beverage you drink, remember alcohol is a diuretic and always drink a glass of water between each glass of alcohol. Source: Michael Russell Caffeine and Dehydration Many people think that caffeine causes an electrolyte imbalance that results in dehydration. Recent articles have stated that caffeine does have a diuretic effect but it is minimal. Other than that, they show that caffeine does not cause dehydration effects. Note: All information on Symtoms.org is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website",33);arrFiles[51]=new Array(52,"menopause_symtoms.html","2007-05-16","Symtoms.org - Early Menopause Symtoms","food poisoning symptoms, herpes symptoms, hiv symptoms, fibromyalgia symptoms, bladder infection symptoms, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, preg","Possible Symtoms of Menopause: hot flushes & falshes which can be on any part of the body at any time of the day or night at any frequency, night sweats, restless legs, insomnia, headaches or migraines that get worse, palpitations, anxiety & pani","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Menopause Symptoms Other links: Medical News Guestbook Site Map Menaupose Symtoms Menopause Definition Cessation of menses for at least one full year in a previously menstruating female. Causes Normal aging Premature ovarian failure (as in menopause before age 40) Surgery Chemical or medication Radiation History Mean age at onset 51 years Usually occurs when a woman is between 45 and 55 years of age Irregular menstrual cycles Initially, cycles may be short, with occasional menorrhagia Later, cycles become longer and more spaced out, with scant menstrual flow Eventually, menstruation ceases altogether Hot flushes and night sweats may occur Vaginal dryness, irritation, itching may be present Painful intercourse may be present Urinary urgency, frequency and dysuria may be present (because of urethral atrophy) Mild-to-severe mood swings may be present Anxiety, nervousness Sleep disturbances Depression may occur Physical Findings Mood and affect: evidence of depression Breast atrophy Vaginal introitus smaller Vaginal walls smooth, thin, pale, dry Cervix small Uterus feels small Ovaries not palpable Differential Diagnosis Abnormal vaginal bleeding Infectious cystitis Infectious vaginitis Complications Difficulties in adjusting to this new stage of life Anxiety Depression Osteoporosis Diagnostic Tests Determine levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (if diagnosis is unclear or if the client is less than 40years of age) Bone density testing (initiated by physician) Screening mammography every 2 years Management Goals of Treatment Offer support and reassurance Prevent complications Appropriate Consultation Arrange elective consultation with a physician if symptoms are severe, complications are present, client is less than 40 years of age or client desires hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Nonpharmacologic Interventions Client Education Explain process as a normal part of aging Assess client \'s feelings about aging Provide a supportive environment rather than dismissing symptoms, as these symptoms are real to the client Discuss the risks and benefits of HRT Encourage balanced nutrition and regular physical activity for physical and mental well-being Advise client to return to clinic if vaginal bleeding occurs at any time after menopause Suggest use of lubricants before coitus if intercourse is painful Pharmacologic Interventions Herbs and Vitamins that May Be Useful in Menopause Evening Primrose (Primrose Oil) Active ingredients : gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and linoleic acid The seed oil is a good source of GLA, which is an essential fatty acid (a nutrient that the body cannot make but that is essential to good health). Evening primrose oil has been used for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and mastalgia (sore breasts). There are no known contraindications or drug interactions. Flaxseed Oil (Linseed Oil) Active ingredients: fatty acids (palmitic, steric, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids) Flaxseed oil is a good source of essential fatty acids (a nutrient that the body cannot make but that is essential to good health). Flaxseed oil is rich in GLA and is used by many for PMS and breast tenderness. There are no reports of toxic effects when used at recommended doses. Vitamin E (400-1200 IU/day) Food sources : polyunsaturated vegetable oil, seeds and nuts Vitamin E is an antioxidant. Studies done in the late 1940s showed that vitamin E relieved hot flashes and postmenopausal vaginal dryness, but more recent studies are lacking. There are other benefits. It is known from the Nurses Health Study that women who took vitamin E over a 2-year period reduced their risk of fatal heart attacks by 40%. Vitamin E potentiates (causes a greater effect of) anticoagulant drugs such as coumadin and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Vitamin B 6 (50 mg PO, once daily) Food sources : whole grains, bananas, potatoes, nuts and seeds, cauliflower Pyridoxine is involved in the production of brain hormones (neurotransmitters). More than 50 other chemical processes in the body depend on pyridoxine. Vitamin B 6 levels can be low in people with depression and in women taking estrogen in the form of birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy. It is safe to use when taken in recommended doses. Calcium (500 mg PO, 1-3 times/day) and vitamin D (400-800 IU PO od) are recommended if diet is inadequate in calcium-rich foods. Calcium may be contraindicated in patients with a history of renal stones. Source: Canadian Consensus Conference on Menopause and Osteoporosis (Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, 1998) Hormone Replacement Therapy HRT is always initiated by a physician. There are several regimens and several delivery methods (e.g., pills, patches, creams for conjugated estrogens). One example, for a postmenopausal woman with intact uterus: conjugated estrogens (Premarin) ( B class drug ), 0.635 mg PO once daily and medroxyprogesterone (Provera) ( B class drug ), 10mg PO once daily Another example, for a postmenopausal woman without uterus: conjugated estrogens (Premarin) ( B class drug ), 0.635 mg PO once daily Hormone replacement therapy should be continued for 7-10 years for the most benefit in preventing loss of bone density and for its potential cardioprotective benefits. Monitoring and Follow-Up Follow-up 1-2 months after beginning any therapy for menopause, then follow every 6 months Monitor for signs of osteoporosis, abnormal uterine bleeding Note: All information on Symtoms.org is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website Symtoms",27);arrFiles[52]=new Array(53,"stress_symtoms.html","2007-05-19","Symtoms.org - Medical Stress Symtoms & Signs of Illness","food poisoning symptoms, herpes symptoms, hiv symptoms, fibromyalgia symptoms, bladder infection symptoms, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, preg","Symtoms - indication of illness felt by patient: an indication of a disease or other disorder, especially one experienced by the patient, e.g. pain, dizziness, or itching, as opposed to one observed by the doctor sign","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Menopause Symptoms SDT Symptoms Stress Symptoms Other links: Medical News GuestBook Site Map Stress Symtoms What is stress? The stress response of the body is meant to protect and support us. To maintain stability or homeostasis, the body is constantly adjusting to its surroundings. When a physical or mental event threatens this equilibrium, we react to it. This process is often referred to as the fight or flight response. We prepare for physical action in order to confront or flee a threat. Our ancestors responded to stressful ordeals in this fashion. Millions of years later, when you face a situation that you perceive as challenging, your body automatically goes into overdrive, engaging the stress response. Immediately, you release the same hormones that enabled cave people to move and think faster, hit harder, see better, hear more acutely, and jump higher than they could only seconds earlier. Like theirs, your heartbeat speeds up; your blood pressure increases; your breathing quickens. Most modern stresses, however, do not call for either fight or flight. Our experience of stress is generally related to how we respond to an event, not to the event itself. When is stress a warning signal? When it is part of a natural reaction to challenge or danger, the body’s response is called positive stress. However, when you feel out of control or under intense pressure, you may experience the physical, emotional, or relational symptoms brought on by negative stress. These are the signs of stress that you need to recognize and control. It is important to remain attentive to negative stress symtoms and to learn to identify the situations that evoke them. When these symptoms persist, you are at risk for serious health problems because stress can exhaust your immune system. Recent research demonstrates that 90% of illness is stress-related. It is not possible to live without any stress. We can, however, learn ways to handle the stress of daily life efficiently, and to manage our reactions to stress and minimize its negative impact. What are the symptoms of stress? Physical symptoms Physical symptoms can be caused by other illnesses, so it is important to have a medical doctor treat conditions such as ulcers, compressed disks, or other physical disorders. Remember, however, that the body and mind are not separate entities. The physical problems outlined below may result from or be exacerbated by stress: sleep disturbances ,back, shoulder or neck pain ,tension or migraine headaches ,upset or acid stomach, cramps, heartburn, gas, irritable bowel syndrome ,constipation, diarrhea ,weight gain or loss, eating disorders ,hair loss ,muscle tension ,fatigue ,high blood pressure irregular heartbeat, palpitations ,asthma or shortness of breath ,chest pain ,sweaty palms or hands ,cold hands or feet ,skin problems (hives, eczema, psoriasis, tics, itching) ,periodontal disease, jaw pain ,reproductive problems ,immune system suppression: more colds, flu, infections ,growth inhibition ,Emotional symptoms Emotional symptoms Like physical signs, emotional symptoms such as anxiety or depression can mask conditions other than stress. It is important to find out whether they are stress-related or not. In either case, the following emotional symptoms are uncomfortable and can affect your performance at work or play, your physical health, or your relationships with others: Nervousness, anxiety ,depression, moodiness ,“butterflies” ,irritability, frustration ,memory problems ,lack of concentration ,trouble thinking clearly ,feeling out of control ,substance abuse ,phobias ,overreactions ,Relational symptoms Relational symptoms The antisocial behavior displayed in stressful situations can cause the rapid deterioration of relationships with family, friends, co-workers, or even strangers. A person under stress may manifest signs such as: Increased arguments ,isolation from social activities ,conflict with co-workers or employers ,frequent job changes ,road rage ,domestic or workplace violence ,overreactions , Severe stress reactions that persist for long periods of time and recur without warning after a traumatic event or even after an intense experience such as an accident, hospitalization, or loss, may become a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) requiring professional assistance to overcome. What triggers your stress response? Except for major catastrophes, few events are stressful in themselves. Stress arises when you perceive a situation as threatening. For example, your morning commute may make you anxious and tense because you worry that traffic will make you late. Others, however, may find the trip relaxing because they allow more than enough time and enjoy playing music or listening to books while they drive. Stress is often associated with situations that you find difficult to handle. How you view things also affects your stress level. If you have very high expectations, chances are you \'ll experience more than your fair share of stress. Take some time to think about the things that cause you stress. Your stress may be linked to external factors such as: The state of the world, the country, or any community to which you belong unpredictable events the environment in which you live or work workitself ,family , Stress can also come from your own: Irresponsible behavior ,poor health habits ,negative attitudes and feelings ,unrealistic expectations ,perfectionism How serious are your stress symptoms? Acute stress In determining how to cope with your stress symptoms, it is helpful to know what type you are experiencing. The most common form, acute stress results from demands and pressures of the recent past and anticipated demands and pressures of the near future. The best way to envision the effects of acute stress is to imagine oneself in a primitive situation, such as being chased by a bear. In small doses, acute stress is thrilling and exciting, but too much is exhausting. The same ski run that feels so great in the morning can be quite taxing at the end of the day. Skiing beyond your limits can lead to falls and injuries. In the same way, too much short-term stress can produce physical or emotional symptoms. Most people recognize the signs of acute stress. They appear when something major happens like moving, changing jobs, or experiencing a loss. You probably feel stressed when something goes wrong, such as when your fender is crumpled in a car accident or your child has problems at school. Daily hassles with a demanding boss, a nagging spouse, or irritating noise also can make you feel stressed. Normally, as our ancestors did, our bodies rest when the stressful event is over. Moreover, because it is short term, acute stress doesn \'t have enough time to do the extensive damage associated with long-term stress. Episodic acute stress If you endure acute stress frequently, you probably are experiencing episodic stress. Your life feels like a disorderly exercise in chaos and crisis. You are always rushing, always late. If something can go wrong, it does. Trying to do too much, you can \'t organize the tangle of self-inflicted demands clamoring for your attention. You are seemingly always facing a new stressful situation. Chronic stress The grinding stress that wears people down day after day and year after year is chronic stress. It destroys bodies, minds, and lives. It \'s the relentless stress of poverty, dysfunctional families, or despised jobs. The people of Northern Ireland, Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, and the Middle East live with the chronic stress engendered by their endless troubles. If you are experiencing chronic stress, you can \'t figure out how to alleviate a miserable situation that seems to go on for an interminable period of time. Devoid of hope, you stop searching for solutions. Some chronic stress stems from traumatic, early childhood experiences that change the brain and become internalized, remaining forever present and painful. These experiences can affect personality profoundly. You create a belief system or view of the world that causes you constant stress. The worst aspect of chronic stress is that you get used to it. You forget it \'s there and learn to endure it. Why should you learn to cope with stress? In the best of all possible worlds, when a stressful situation ends, hormonal signals switch off the stress response, and the body returns to normal. Unfortunately, stress doesn \'t always let up. If you tend to harbor anxiety, and you worry about daily events and relationships, your stress response never shuts down. Studies show that long-term activation of stress symptoms can have a hazardous, even lethal effect on your body. When the signs of stress persist, you are at risk for many health problems that people often do not realize are, in large part, attributable to stress, such as: obesity ,heart disease ,cancer ,depression ,anorexia nervosa or malnutrition ,obsessive-compulsive or anxiety disorder ,substance abuse ulcers ,diabetes ,sexual abuse ,hyperthyroidism ,hair loss ,tooth and gum disease As if this weren \'t enough, stress adversely affects reproduction, sexual behavior, and growth. Stress inhibits the immune system, making you more vulnerable to colds, flu, fatigue and infections. It causes digestive problems and can even lead to suicide. For all these reasons, it is important to recognize the symptoms of stress and learn what to do about them. Fortunately, recent years have brought increased societal awareness and a greater understanding of factors that limit and relieve stress. Note: All information on Symtoms.org is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor. 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Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Menopause Symptoms SDT Symptoms Stress Symptoms Other links: Medical News GuestBook Forum Site Map THANK YOU ! Your Message Was Sent...! Note: All information on Symtoms.org is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website Symtoms",15);arrFiles[57]=new Array(58,"thankyou.html","2007-05-23","Symtoms.org -Thank you","food poisoning symptoms, herpes symptoms, hiv symptoms, fibromyalgia symptoms, bladder infection symptoms, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, preg","Symtoms - Thank you","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | Forum info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Menopause Symptoms SDT Symptoms Stress Symptoms Other links: Medical News GuestBook Forum Site Map THANK YOU ! Your Message Was Sent...! Note: All information on Symtoms.org is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website Symtoms",15);arrFiles[58]=new Array(59,"Referafriend.html","2007-05-23","Symtoms.org - Refer a Friend","food poisoning symptoms, herpes symptoms, hiv symptoms, fibromyalgia symptoms, bladder infection symptoms, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, preg","Symtoms - indication of illness felt by patient: an indication of a disease or other disorder, especially one experienced by the patient, e.g. pain, dizziness, or itching, as opposed to one observed by the doctor sign","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | Forum info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Menopause Symptoms SDT Symptoms Stress Symptoms Other links: Medical News GuestBook Forum Site Map Medical Symtoms and Signs of Disease Refer a Friend // Put it into Dreamweaver (WYSIWYG Editor), work on it and put it back.theForm = Your name: Your email: Enter the name(s) of your friend(s): Enter the email(s) of your friend(s): Your Message (optional): defaultMessageIntro privacyPolicyLinkText free php scripts EOD;echo (theForm);}? Your message was successfully sent to \' . mailto . \' \');	if (notice == 1) {	message = From email . headers . \\n \\n . To email . \\n \\n . mailto . \\n \\n . message;	@mail(adminEmail, Referal notice, message);	}	}	else { // This echo \'s the error message if the email did not send. // You could change the text in between the tags. echo( \' Mail could not be sent to \' . mailto . \' Please use your back button to try them again. \');	}}? \';	}	else {	headers = \'From: \' . websiteName . \' \';	}	if (_POST[ \'friend_email1 \'] != ) {	mailto1 = _POST[ \'friend_email1 \'];	//This tacs the name onto the subject line	subject1 = _POST[ \'friend_name1 \'] . subject;	//This tacs the name onto the message	message1 = _POST[ \'friend_name1 \'] . \\r \\n . _POST[ \'message \'];	myMailFunction(mailto1, subject1, message1, headers, defaultMessageClose, adminEmail, notice);	}	if (_POST[ \'friend_email2 \'] != ) {	mailto2 = _POST[ \'friend_email2 \'];	//This tacs the name onto the subject line	subject2 = _POST[ \'friend_name2 \'] . subject;	//This tacs the name onto the message	message2 = _POST[ \'friend_name2 \'] . \\r \\n . _POST[ \'message \'];	myMailFunction(mailto2, subject2, message2, headers, defaultMessageClose, adminEmail, notice);	}	if (_POST[ \'friend_email3 \'] != ) {	mailto3 = _POST[ \'friend_email3 \'];	//This tacs the name onto the subject line	subject3 = _POST[ \'friend_name3 \'] . subject;	//This tacs the name onto the message	message3 = _POST[ \'friend_name3 \'] . \\r \\n . _POST[ \'message \'];	myMailFunction(mailto3, subject3, message3, headers, defaultMessageClose, adminEmail, notice);	}	return = Return to the page you left. EOD;echo (return);}? Note: All information on Symtoms.org is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website Symtoms",26);arrFiles[59]=new Array(60,"process_referral.php","2007-05-23","process_referral.php","","","http://www.symtoms.org/ ;// End of referral message //msg1 = Hi F1Name, referral_message Name ;mail1 = new mime_mail();mail1- from = Email;mail1- headers = Errors-To: you@yourcompany.com;mail1- to = F1Email;mail1- subject = subject;mail1- body = msg1;mail1- send();msg2 = Hi F2Name, referral_message Name ;mail2 = new mime_mail();mail2- from = Email;mail2- headers = Errors-To: info@symtoms.org;mail2- to = F2Email;mail2- subject = subject;mail2- body = msg2;mail2- send();msg3 = Hi F3Name, referral_message Name ;mail3 = new mime_mail();mail3- from = Email;mail3- headers = Errors-To: info@symtoms.org;mail3- to = F3Email;mail3- subject = subject;mail3- body = msg3;mail3- send();// If mail 1 at least is sent then inform the senderif(mail1)	{	Recipient_Email	= info@symtoms.org;	Subject	= Referral from Name;	Message = A referral has been made from your web form. \\n The referrer was; Name with the email address Email \\n The recipients were; F1Email F2Email F3Email;	From = Email;	mail(Recipient_Email,Subject,Message,From: From);	}// change return URL to your own thanks for referring a friend page.ReturnURL = http://www.symtoms.org/thankyou.php;header(Location: ReturnURL);?",3);arrFiles[60]=new Array(61,"form.html","2007-05-23","Sample Referral form","","","Your name: Your email: Enter the name(s) of your friend(s): Enter the email(s) of your friend(s): Your Message (optional): defaultMessageIntro privacyPolicyLinkText",3);arrFiles[61]=new Array(62,"refer.php","2007-05-23","refer.php","","","// Put it into Dreamweaver (WYSIWYG Editor), work on it and put it back.theForm = Your name: Your email: Enter the name(s) of your friend(s): Enter the email(s) of your friend(s): Your Message (optional): defaultMessageIntro privacyPolicyLinkText free php scripts EOD;echo (theForm);}? Your message was successfully sent to \' . mailto . \' \');	if (notice == 1) {	message = From email . headers . \\n \\n . To email . \\n \\n . mailto . \\n \\n . message;	@mail(adminEmail, Referal notice, message);	}	}	else { // This echo \'s the error message if the email did not send. // You could change the text in between the tags. echo( \' Mail could not be sent to \' . mailto . \' Please use your back button to try them again. \');	}}? \';	}	else {	headers = \'From: \' . websiteName . \' \';	}	if (_POST[ \'friend_email1 \'] != ) {	mailto1 = _POST[ \'friend_email1 \'];	//This tacs the name onto the subject line	subject1 = _POST[ \'friend_name1 \'] . subject;	//This tacs the name onto the message	message1 = _POST[ \'friend_name1 \'] . \\r \\n . _POST[ \'message \'];	myMailFunction(mailto1, subject1, message1, headers, defaultMessageClose, adminEmail, notice);	}	if (_POST[ \'friend_email2 \'] != ) {	mailto2 = _POST[ \'friend_email2 \'];	//This tacs the name onto the subject line	subject2 = _POST[ \'friend_name2 \'] . subject;	//This tacs the name onto the message	message2 = _POST[ \'friend_name2 \'] . \\r \\n . _POST[ \'message \'];	myMailFunction(mailto2, subject2, message2, headers, defaultMessageClose, adminEmail, notice);	}	if (_POST[ \'friend_email3 \'] != ) {	mailto3 = _POST[ \'friend_email3 \'];	//This tacs the name onto the subject line	subject3 = _POST[ \'friend_name3 \'] . subject;	//This tacs the name onto the message	message3 = _POST[ \'friend_name3 \'] . \\r \\n . _POST[ \'message \'];	myMailFunction(mailto3, subject3, message3, headers, defaultMessageClose, adminEmail, notice);	}	return = Return to the page you left. EOD;echo (return);}?",8);arrFiles[62]=new Array(63,"Referafriend.php","2007-05-23","Symtoms.org - Refer a Friend","food poisoning symptoms, herpes symptoms, hiv symptoms, fibromyalgia symptoms, bladder infection symptoms, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, preg","Symtoms - indication of illness felt by patient: an indication of a disease or other disorder, especially one experienced by the patient, e.g. pain, dizziness, or itching, as opposed to one observed by the doctor sign","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | Forum info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Menopause Symptoms SDT Symptoms Stress Symptoms Other links: Medical News GuestBook Forum Site Map Medical Symtoms and Signs of Disease Refer a Friend // Put it into Dreamweaver (WYSIWYG Editor), work on it and put it back.theForm = Your name: Your email: Enter the name(s) of your friend(s): Enter the email(s) of your friend(s): Your Message (optional): defaultMessageIntro privacyPolicyLinkText EOD;echo (theForm);}? Your message was successfully sent to \' . mailto . \' \');	if (notice == 1) {	message = From email . headers . \\n \\n . To email . \\n \\n . mailto . \\n \\n . message;	@mail(adminEmail, Referal notice, message);	}	}	else { // This echo \'s the error message if the email did not send. // You could change the text in between the tags. echo( \' Mail could not be sent to \' . mailto . \' Please use your back button to try them again. \');	}}? \';	}	else {	headers = \'From: \' . websiteName . \' \';	}	if (_POST[ \'friend_email1 \'] != ) {	mailto1 = _POST[ \'friend_email1 \'];	//This tacs the name onto the subject line	subject1 = _POST[ \'friend_name1 \'] . subject;	//This tacs the name onto the message	message1 = _POST[ \'friend_name1 \'] . \\r \\n . _POST[ \'message \'];	myMailFunction(mailto1, subject1, message1, headers, defaultMessageClose, adminEmail, notice);	}	if (_POST[ \'friend_email2 \'] != ) {	mailto2 = _POST[ \'friend_email2 \'];	//This tacs the name onto the subject line	subject2 = _POST[ \'friend_name2 \'] . subject;	//This tacs the name onto the message	message2 = _POST[ \'friend_name2 \'] . \\r \\n . _POST[ \'message \'];	myMailFunction(mailto2, subject2, message2, headers, defaultMessageClose, adminEmail, notice);	}	if (_POST[ \'friend_email3 \'] != ) {	mailto3 = _POST[ \'friend_email3 \'];	//This tacs the name onto the subject line	subject3 = _POST[ \'friend_name3 \'] . subject;	//This tacs the name onto the message	message3 = _POST[ \'friend_name3 \'] . \\r \\n . _POST[ \'message \'];	myMailFunction(mailto3, subject3, message3, headers, defaultMessageClose, adminEmail, notice);	}	return = Return to the page you left. EOD;echo (return);}? Note: All information on Symtoms.org is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website Symtoms",27);arrFiles[63]=new Array(64,"hemorrhoids_symtoms.html","2007-05-28","Symtoms.org - Hemorrhoids Symtoms & Signs of Disease","food poisoning symptoms, herpes symptoms, hiv symptoms, fibromyalgia symptoms, bladder infection symptoms, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, preg","Hemorrhoids Symtoms :Bleeding during bowel movements, itching, and rectal pain are the most common hemorrhoid symptoms.","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | Forum | Refer a Friend info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Menopause Symptoms SDT Symptoms Stress Symptoms Hemorrhoids Symptoms Other links: Medical News GuestBook Forum Site Map Refer a Friend Hemorrhoids Treatment Hemorrhoids Symtoms Hemorrhoids are enlarged, swollen veins in the anus. Hemorrhoids can occur inside the anus (internal hemorrhoids) or outside of the anus (external hemorrhoids). External hemorrhoids are often painful. Internal hemorrhoids are not as painful as external hemorrhoids and can range in size from a slight swelling under the wall of the anus to large, sagging veins that stick out of the anus. Internal hemorrhoids may cause painless bleeding during a bowel movement. A person may have both internal and external hemorrhoids. Common causes of hemorrhoids are straining during bowel movements and pregnancy. Symptoms of hemorrhoids include bright red blood on toilet paper or stool, a painful or painless lump of soft tissue outside of the anus, and pain during bowel movements. Rectal bleeding needs to be evaluated by a health professional. Home treatment may be all that is needed to relieve the discomfort of minor hemorrhoids. In some cases, surgery may be needed. Symptoms Bleeding during bowel movements, itching, and rectal pain are the most common hemorrhoid symptoms. External hemorrhoids Rectal pain occurs mainly with external hemorrhoids. You might also notice streaks of bright red blood on the toilet paper after straining to pass a stool. In rare cases, a vein inside an external hemorrhoid breaks. Blood may pool under the skin, forming a hard, painful lump. This is called a thrombosed, or clotted, hemorrhoid. A sudden sharp or burning pain during a bowel movement, along with a small spot of blood on toilet tissue, is more likely to be an anal fissure than a hemorrhoid. Internal hemorrhoids The most common symptom of internal hemorrhoids is rectal bleeding. You may find bright red streaks of blood on the toilet paper or bright red blood in the toilet bowl after having a normal bowel movement. Blood also may be visible on the surface of the stool. Other symptoms of internal hemorrhoids may include: Itching. This is a frequent complaint, because internal hemorrhoids often seep mucus, which can cause itching. Skin irritation. Large hemorrhoids that bulge from the anus may secrete mucus, causing mild irritation. Discomfort. You may still feel the urge to pass stool right after having a bowel movement. This uncomfortable feeling is caused by the bulging of the hemorrhoid in the end portion of the large intestine (anal canal). In general, the larger the hemorrhoid, the greater the discomfort. Pain. Most internal hemorrhoids are not painful. However, large hemorrhoids that bulge from the anus may become painful if they swell and are squeezed by the muscles that control the anus. Severe pain may be a sign that the blood supply to the hemorrhoid is being cut off (strangulated hemorrhoid). Emergency treatment is needed. Rectal bleeding and pain and recent changes in bowel habits are also symptoms of colon, rectal, or anal cancer. People who have these symptoms, especially those age 50 or older or those with a family history of colon cancer, should talk to their health professional. Hemorrhoids Treatment Note: All information on Symtoms.org is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website Symtoms",20);arrFiles[64]=new Array(65,"RADIO-BO-CHAMP.gif","2007-05-23","RADIO-BO-CHAMP.gif","","","",8);arrFiles[65]=new Array(66,"RADIO-BO-CHAMP.html","2007-05-23","bo-champ","","","",1);arrFiles[66]=new Array(67,"miscarriage_symtoms.html","2007-05-30","Symtoms.org - Miscarriage Symtoms & Signs of Disease","food poisoning symptoms, herpes symptoms, hiv symptoms, fibromyalgia symptoms, bladder infection symptoms, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, preg","Miscarriage Symtoms - Miscarriages are fairly common in the general population, particularly early miscarriage. However the incidence of miscarriage (both first and midtrimester) in DES daughters is slightly greater than that in other women.","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | Forum | Refer a Friend info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Menopause Symptoms SDT Symptoms Stress Symptoms Hemorrhoids Symptoms Miscarriages Symptoms Other links: Medical News GuestBook Forum Site Map Refer a Friend Miscarriage Symtoms Miscarriage Miscarriages are fairly common in the general population, particularly early miscarriage. However the incidence of miscarriage (both first and midtrimester) in DES daughters is slightly greater than that in other women. Mid trimester miscarriage can occur because there is a weakening of the cervix and it often presents with little warning. Occasionally you will feel heaviness in the pelvic area or there might be an increase in vaginal discharge. These might be the only warning signs. An obstetrician can detect early cervical incompetence by a series of ultrasound examinations that will measure the cervical length. Frequent visits (every two weeks) between the 14 and 28-week mark, will provide the opportunity for the cervix to be assessed digitally (by vaginal examination). This will also help in the early detection of cervical incompetence. Signs & Symptoms of a threatened miscarriage Vaginal bleeding or spotting : Some bleeding may occur during the course of a normal pregnancy. However, any bleeding or spotting should be investigated by your doctor. Abdominal cramping : Pain will usually accompany the bleeding and will grow more severe as the miscarriage progresses. Intervention Unfortunately little can be done to prevent most miscarriages. Bed rest may be recommended in cases where there is bleeding in early pregnancy. There are no drugs currently recommended for prevention of miscarriage. In some situations, a stitch can be placed in the cervix to prevent premature dilation, which may prevent a miscarriage. This procedure is usually done if the woman has had a previous miscarriage due to a weakness of the cervix. The procedure is not done routinely. This is controversial, but most experts do not feel this guideline should be changed for DES exposed women. When a Pregnancy Is Lost When a woman has a miscarriage, bleeding and cramping will become more severe until finally the foetus and contents of the uterus are expelled. If you are not in hospital when this happens, call your doctor or maternity unit for instructions. Usually an ultrasound scan will be arranged to see if the pregnancy is viable or not. As a rule it is wise to try and save any tissue you pass and bring it with you to hospital for possible examination. Bleeding will continue for several days after the miscarriage and diminish gradually. If bleeding continues or if your doctor feels that not all the contents of the uterus have been expelled (i.e. an incomplete miscarriage), curettage will be necessary. Emotional Impact Miscarriage frequently comes at a time when you are just beginning to adjust to being pregnant. If you have previously struggled with infertility, your loss and disappointment may be even more intense. It is quite valid for you to grieve this loss regardless of any future or previously conceived children. It is useful for some women or couples to seek professional support from a grief counsellor. Premature Labour DES daughters have a higher risk of mid-trimester miscarriage and premature labour. It is important that your doctor or midwife understands your increased risk so that you can prepare for any difficulties when they arise. You can both develop strategies to cope with any situation so that you feel assured that they will be on hand. You should also talk to your doctor or midwife about how they can be contacted in an emergency. Warning Signs of Premature Labour Symptoms such as: menstrual-like cramps pelvic pressure back pain increased vaginal discharge and slight vaginal bleeding may occur during preterm labour. However, they can also be a very normal part of a healthy pregnancy. Premature Rupture of Membranes This results in a leakage of clear or pink?stained fluid from the vagina. You should contact your doctor or hospital immediately if this happens. Other Risks (News Article)? MISCARRIAGES MAY BE A SYMPTOM OF GREATER HEALTH RISK Diagnostic Tests Can Uncover Potential Serious, Lifelong Conditions WOBURN, Mass. (June 8, 2005) – According to the infertility diagnostics experts at Massachusetts-based Repromedix, a specialty testing lab, miscarriage is a painful and, unfortunately, common event, occurring in a reported 20 percent of all pregnancies. Multiple miscarriage (defined as three or more successive losses) is particularly traumatic. Approximately 7 of every 1,000 women who become pregnant will experience multiple miscarriage, known medically as Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL). Unfortunately, the pain of recurrent pregnancy loss may be compounded by its significance as a symptom of a serious medical condition with lifelong implications for both mother and child. As an example, miscarriage patients who test positive for Thrombophilia, or abnormally high blood clotting, may not only be at risk for more miscarriages but also for broader health problems such as stroke, pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. Are you at risk? RPL patients’ broader health problems may include: · Thrombophilia ( abnormally high blood clotting): 40-60 percent of unexplained multiple miscarriage is associated with thrombotic defects. Each year, more than 600,000 Americans die from abnormal blood clots. Women with consecutive, unexplained early or late pregnancy losses or a personal or family history of coagulation disorder and one or more miscarriage should be tested. Potential appropriate tests include Factor V Leiden (coagulation), Protein C Activity, Prothrombin Mutation, Antithrombin Activity and LAC (Lupus Anti-coagulant). · Autoimmune Diseases , such as lupus, thyroid conditions, or APS (antiphospho-lipid syndrome): Certain autoimmune conditions such as lupus and APS are associated with RPL and infertility. Autoimmune disorders can affect many aspects of health, from the thyroid to the kidneys to the digestive system. APS can lead to lifelong health problems such as organ damage and circulatory problems. If you have a personal or family history of autoimmune disease and unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss, ask your doctor about these potentially appropriate tests: ACA/APA, LAC (Lupus Anti-coagulant), ANA, ATGA/AMA and AOA. · Endocrine Disorders , such as PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome): There appears to be a higher rate of miscarriage, gestational diabetes, and pregnancy-induced high blood pressure in women with PCOS. Women with PCOS are also at higher risk for high cholesterol and heart disease. Women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss or inability to get pregnant and physical symptoms such as menstrual disorders, pelvic pain, certain skin disorders, sleep apnea, high blood pressure should ask their doctor about these tests: Glucose (Fasting and Post-Prandial); Insulin (Fasting and Post-Prandial); Testosterone (Fasting Free and Total); Fasting IGFBP1; Fasting SHBG; 17-OH Progesterone and DHEAS-Sulfate. Diagnostic tests can help your OB/GYN uncover, treat and counsel for these and other conditions. Visit www.repromedix.com for more information about diagnostic tests and helpful links. Note: All information on Symtoms.org is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website Symtoms",30);arrFiles[67]=new Array(68,"panic_attacks_symtoms.html","2007-05-31","Symtoms.org - Panic Attacks Symtoms & Signs of Disease","food poisoning symptoms, herpes symptoms, hiv symptoms, fibromyalgia symptoms, bladder infection symptoms, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, preg","Panic Attacks Symtoms. Could Anxiety and/or Grief Be Putting You at Risk of Panic Attacks?","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | Forum | Refer a Friend info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Symptoms Sleep Apnea Pink Eye Symptoms Ovarian Syst Symptom Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Symptoms Bipolar Disorder Celiac Disease Allergy Symptoms IBS Symptoms Urinary Track Infect. Anxiety Symptoms Pancreatic Cancer Asthma Symptoms Dehydration Symptoms Menopause Symptoms SDT Symptoms Stress Symptoms Hemorrhoids Symptoms Miscarriages Symptoms Panic Anxiety Attacks Syphilis Symtoms Other links: Medical News GuestBook Forum Site Map Refer a Friend Panic Attacks Symtoms Could Anxiety and/or Grief Be Putting You at Risk of Panic Attacks? Out of the blue, you feel terror. Your heart is pounding. You \'re dizzy and you can \'t catch your breath. You begin to sweat profusely and perhaps even feel pain in your chest. You \'re certain that you \'re on the brink of a heart attack or that you \'re going to die. You may have just had a panic attack. And you \'re not alone. A nationwide survey documenting the far-reaching psychological impact of the Sept. 11 catastrophe finds the terrorist attacks triggered pronounced signs of emotional stress in 90% of Americans--and that for many, the trauma is now the cause of such problems as recurring panic attacks, a troubling but very treatable condition. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) describes a panic attack as: A discrete period of intense fear or discomfort in which four (or more) of the following symptoms develop abruptly and reach a peak within 10 minutes. The attacks are often accompanied by a sense of imminent danger or impending doom and an urge to escape. 1. Palpitations, pounding heart or accelerated heart rate 2. Sweating 3. Trembling or shaking 4. Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering 5. Feeling of choking 6. Chest pain or discomfort 7. Nausea or abdominal distress 8. Feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded or faint 9. De-realization (feeling of unreality) or depersonalization (being detached from oneself) 10. Fear of losing control or going crazy 11. Fear of dying 12. Numbness or tingling sensations 13. Chills or hot flashes It \'s estimated that between 3 and 6 million adult Americans suffer from panic disorder. It is extremely important for the person who has panic disorder to learn about the problem and the availability of effective treatments and to seek help fast. What Is Panic Disorder-and Who Gets It? In panic disorder, brief episodes of intense fear are accompanied by multiple physical symptoms (such as heart palpitations and dizziness) that occur repeatedly and unexpectedly in the absence of any current external threat. These panic attacks, which are the hallmark of panic disorder, are believed to occur when the brain \'s normal mechanism for reacting to a threat--the so-called fight or flight response--becomes inappropriately aroused. Most people with panic disorder also feel anxious about the possibility of having another panic attack and avoid situations in which they believe these attacks are likely to occur. Anxiety about another unpredictable attack, along with the efforts of avoidance it causes, can lead to disability in panic disorder. Initial panic attacks often occur when people are under considerable stress, for example, having experienced a particularly traumatic event, or suffering from the loss of a family member or close friend. Panic attacks can also follow surgery, a serious accident, illness, the pressure of an heavy work demands, or childbirth. Excessive consumption of caffeine or use of cocaine or other stimulant drugs or medicines, such as the stimulants used in treating asthma, can also trigger panic attacks. Panic attacks usually take a person completely by surprise. This unpredictability is one reason they are felt to be so devastating. Sometimes people who have never had a panic attack assume that panic is just a matter of feeling nervous or anxious--the average intensity of feelings that everyone is familiar with. In fact, even though people who have panic attacks may not show any outward signs of discomfort, the feelings they experience are so overwhelming and terrifying that they often are really convinced that they are going to die, lose their minds, or behave in such a way that they will be totally humiliated. While such disastrous consequences don \'t occur, they can seem quite likely to the person who is suffering a panic attack. Panic disorder typically begins in young adulthood, but older people and children can become affected. Women are affected twice as frequently as men. The Course of Panic Disorder Typically, a first panic attack seems to come out of the blue, occurring while a person is engaged in some ordinary activity like driving a car or walking to work. Suddenly, the person is struck by a barrage of frightening and uncomfortable symptoms. These symptoms often include terror, a sense of unreality, or a fear of losing control. This barrage of symptoms usually lasts several seconds, but may continue for several minutes. The symptoms gradually fade over the course of about an hour. People who have experienced a panic attack can attest to the extreme discomfort they felt and to their fear that they had been stricken with some terrible, life-threatening disease--or were going crazy. Often people who are having a panic attack seek help at a hospital emergency room. Some people who have one panic attack, or an occasional attack, never develop a problem serious enough to affect their lives. For others, however, the attacks continue and cause much suffering. Understanding Panic Disorder In panic disorder, panic attacks recur and the person develops an intense apprehension of having another attack. As noted earlier, this fear - called anticipatory anxiety or fear of fear--can be present most of the time and seriously interfere with the person \'s life even when a panic attack is not in progress. In addition, the person may develop irrational fears called phobias about situations where a panic attack has occurred. For example, someone who has had a panic attack while driving may become afraid to get behind the wheel again, even a short drive to the grocery store. People who develop these panic-induced phobias will tend to avoid situations that they fear will trigger a panic attack, and their lives may be increasingly limited as a result. Their work may suffer because they can \'t travel or get to work on time. Relationships may become strained or marred by conflict as panic attacks, or the fear of them, rule the affected person and those close to them. Also, sleep may be disturbed because of panic attacks that occur at night, causing the person to awaken in a state of terror. The experience is so harrowing that some people who have nocturnal panic attacks become afraid to go to sleep and suffer from exhaustion. Also, even if there are no nocturnal panic attacks, sleep may be disturbed because of chronic, panic-related anxiety. Many people with panic disorder remain intensely concerned about their symptoms even after an initial visit to a physician yields no indication of a life-threatening condition. They may visit a succession of doctors seeking medical treatment for what they believe is heart disease or a respiratory problem. Or their symptoms may make them think they have a neurological disorder or some serious gastrointestinal condition. Some patients see as many as 10 doctors and undergo a succession of expensive and unnecessary tests in the effort to find out what is causing their symptoms. This search for medical help may continue a long time, because, too often, physicians who see these patients frequently fail to diagnose the symptoms as panic disorder. When doctors do recognize the condition, they sometimes explain it in terms that suggest it is of no importance or not treatable. For example, the doctor may say, There \'s nothing to worry about, you \'re just having a panic attack or It \'s just nerves. Although meant to be reassuring, such words can be dispiriting to the worried patient whose alarming symptoms keep recurring. The patient needs to know that the doctor acknowledges the disabling nature of panic disorder and that it can be treated effectively. What Is Agoraphobia-and How Is It Related to Panic Disorder? Panic disorder may progress to a more advanced stage in which the person becomes afraid of being in any place or situation where escape might be difficult or help unavailable in the event of a panic attack. This condition is called agoraphobia. It affects about a third of all people with panic disorder. Typically, people with agoraphobia fear being in crowds, standing in line, entering shopping malls, and riding in cars or public transportation. Often, these people restrict themselves to a zone of safety that may include only the home or the immediate neighborhood. Any movement beyond the edges of this zone creates mounting anxiety. Sometimes a person with agoraphobia is unable to leave home alone, but can travel if accompanied by a particular family member or friend. Even when they restrict themselves to safe situations, most people with agoraphobia continue to have panic attacks at least a few times a month. People with agoraphobia can be seriously disabled by their condition. Some are unable to work, and they may need to rely heavily on other family members, who must do the shopping and run all the household errands, as well as accompany the affected person on rare excursions outside the safety zone. Thus the person with agoraphobia typically leads a life of extreme dependency as well as great discomfort. Strategies For Coping With Panic 1. Remember that although your feelings and symptoms are very frightening, they are not dangerous or harmful. 2. Understand that what you are experiencing is just an exaggeration of your normal bodily reactions to stress. 3. Do not fight your feelings or try to wish them away. The more you are willing to face them, the less intense they will become. 4. Do not add to your panic by thinking about what might happen. If you find yourself asking What if? tell yourself So what! 5. Stay in the present. Notice what is really happening to you as opposed to what you think might happen. 6. Label your fear level from zero to ten and watch it go up and down. Notice that it does not stay at a very high level for more than a few seconds. 7. When you find yourself thinking about the fear, change your what if thinking. Focus on and carry out a simple and manageable task such as counting backward from 100 by 3 \'s or snapping a rubber band on your wrist. 8. Notice that when you stop adding frightening thoughts to your fear, it begins to fade. 9. When the fear comes, expect and accept it. Wait and give it time to pass without running away from it. 10. Be proud of yourself for your progress thus far, and think about how good you will feel when you succeed this time. Note: All information on Symtoms.org is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor. C opyright © 2007 Symtoms.orgTerms of Use & Privacy Policy are applicable to this website Symtoms",31);arrFiles[68]=new Array(69,"syphilis_symtoms.html","2007-05-31","Symtoms.org - Syphilis Symptoms & Signs of Disease","food poisoning symptoms, herpes symptoms, hiv symptoms, fibromyalgia symptoms, bladder infection symptoms, symptom yblagulous, endometriosis symptom, kidney infection symptom, diverticulitis symptom, yeast infection symptom, ms symptom, std symptom, preg","Syphilis Symtoms - While not especially prevalent in the general population, syphilis is becoming increasing common among men who have sex with men and in many First Nations communities.","home | contact us | Medical News | Site Map | Guestbook | Forum | Refer a Friend info@symtoms.org 514.462.2298 Food Poisoning ›› Herpes | HIV Symptoms | Fibromyaglia Symptoms | Bladder Infection | Endrometriosis Most Visible Symptoms : Food Poisoning Herpes Symptoms HIV Symptoms Fibromyaglia Symptom Bladder Infection Endrometriosis Kidney Infection Diverticulitis Yeast Infection MS Symptoms Pregnancy Sym